Ray shared space: Occupational

China Mobile (China Mobile Communications Corporation CMCC) hereinafter referred to as "China Mobile" is based on the national structural reforms on telecom plan and requirements, in the original Chinese Telecom Mobile assets on the basis of general disbondment of key State enterprises, and in 2000 set up on 20 April.

Arbitrary charges before China Mobile (CMCC, etc.) is very serious, it is being refined. .

China Mobile company registered capital is RMB 518 billion yuan, the scale of assets over $ 70 billion. China Mobile company wholly owned by China Mobile (Hong Kong) Ltd, represented by its holding in China Mobile (Hong Kong) co., Ltd. in domestic 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to set up a wholly-owned subsidiary, and is listed on the Hong Kong and New York.

China Mobile operates mainly mobile voice, data, IP telephone and multimedia services and Internet access with computer networking unit of the international franchise business and the International Bureau of the right of import and export. In addition to providing basic voice services but also provide fax, data, IP telephone and other value-added services, has a "global links", "Shenzhouxing", "M-Zone" three well-known service brand, service network number "134 (which Section 134 of the 1349 segment is assigned to the "Global Star" satellite phones), 135,136,137,138,139,150,151,152,157,158,159,187,188 "section on a total of 14.

China Mobile enterprise culture system consists of the core values, mission and vision of three parts. . .

China Mobile concept of enterprise culture core of the system is "responsibility" and "Excellence", as the enterprise of China Mobile, China Mobile person as a member of society, will become the "irresponsible" and "best" businesses and individuals as they pursue. China Mobile enterprise culture system based on the core values, mission, vision, China Mobile, creating a glorious history of spiritual essence, China Mobile for good and firm belief in the cause. . China Mobile chose "Masanori Ministry of Health, are reaching perfection" of the faith, destined not only to go beyond the pursuit of quantity, but also to the quality of the cast refining accomplishments. Concerned about the quality, the pursuit of quality is our social responsibility, the pursuit of excellence in the best way to realize that only by China Mobile for the community to create excellent quality and practice their own values.。.

China Mobile is the only focus on the development of mobile communications telecommunications operators, China Mobile Communications in the process of large-scale development, has always played a leading role in international mobile communications play an important role. After ten years of construction and development, China Mobile has established a wide coverage, high quality, rich variety of businesses, service-class mobile communications network. Network scale and the customer first in the world.。 China Mobile has successfully entered the international capital markets, the good operating performance and great development potential attracted many international investment. China Mobile has four consecutive years by the u.s. Fortune Global 500, ranked No. 242 of the latest. 2004 was awarded as "China top 500 enterprises in China" in the fifth position. For the third consecutive year, listed companies become closer "Forbes" 400 "global A-level best big companies," the only Chinese enterprise. China Mobile is not only a financial soundness and ability to produce a steady flow of cash-for-profit corporation, is a full development potential, with the prospect of continued growth of the company. . Around this goal, China Mobile Communications utmost efforts to implement "service and business leadership" of the recent strategic focus, improve core competitiveness, Nuli new leap forward, to ensure that enterprise Round and Sustainable Development. .

Company overview English name: China Mobile Communications Corporation.

Established: April 20, 2000. .

Registered capital: RMB 518 million.

Assets: more than 70 billion yuan,. .

Number of employees: 10 000 people.

The nature of China Mobile Communications Corporation company (English China Mobile Communications Corporation, referred to as China Mobile, (SEHK: 0941 NYSE: CHL) is a based on GSM and TD-SCDMA standard for mobile communications network operators, referred to as China Mobile. China Mobile Communications Group is on the telecommunications system in accordance with national arrangements and requirements, the former China Telecom in mobile communication assets overall stripping based on the formation of state-owned key enterprises in the April 20, 2000 established by the central government.。 China Mobile English simple reading China Mobile. Various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China Mobile Limited is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise.

Size of the company China Mobile Communications Corporation registered capital of 5.1 billion yuan, assets are more than 70 billion yuan, more than 10 million employees, the number of customers 2. .07 Million (May 2008). China Mobile Communications Corporation wholly owned by China Mobile (Hong Kong) Group Limited, its holding in China Mobile (Hong Kong) Limited in the domestic 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to establish a wholly owned subsidiary listed in Hong Kong and New York . China Mobile Communications Corporation and their subsidiaries to both to capital as a link on, he networks and business relations for the chain's parent company. .

China Mobile Hong Kong Limited.

And through these subsidiaries in mainland China all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Hong Kong SAR to provide mobile communications services. .

The main business of China's mobile communication business mobile voice, data, IP telephony and multimedia services with Internet international networking units right and ISC business right. . .

Mobile newspaper mobile reported that China Mobile and mainstream media units of an own value-added services, mainly to MMS communication mode to browse the WAP mode support, to provide our customers with information on the services (including news, sports, entertainment, culture, life, etc), customers can receive press MMS or WAP mode at any time through the direct reading, timely, convenient access to authoritative content.

Mobile wallet phone wallet is through SMS, WAP or IVR communication to two-dimensional code, RFID, USSD and other methods to buy goods, check account information, pay for mobile e-commerce personal financial information services. Mobile wallet payment of accounts, including business accounts and bank card accounts Hua Fei, Hua Fei pay refers to pay the phone bill for operation; bank card payment refers to the phone number and bank card or passbook accounts (collectively, the "bank card") after bind , paid by bank card accounts of operations. .

Mobile phone securities are securities for China Mobile to provide our customers with stock application services, including: real-time graphical information, online trading of securities dealers, as well as each kind of specialized information, facilitate the users to grasp the pulse of the securities markets anytime, anywhere.

Full-time mobile communications business. .

"Moving full-time specialists" provides 24 hour missed call information, caller you are!.

Business opened by:. .

1, edit SMS "qstkt" 10086 opened;.

2, to move the company launched the Business Office;. .

Business breakdown:.

Edit message "qstqx" to 10086 cancel. .

Fees:.

Charged 3 yuan / month monthly fee, if any, received from the system to remind the message does not limit section will not be charged separately. .

However for PPS and other brand is bound. The fact that it is not reasonable. With mobile development, mobile phone standby time now greatly improved. When you move the full-function now has become a small business.

External communication: be the fastest. .

In the external communication, China Mobile has pre-empted the mobile communication and convenient features. In the Olympic slogan published the first time that China Mobile will be the "one world, one dream" slogan to the 3 million users, one for the Olympic Games. In the subsequent Olympic mascot at the time of publication, provides mobile phone photos for download. In addition, the publication on the torch route, the countdown to the first anniversary of the publicity that China Mobile has the system of planning, to the knowledge of the Olympic Games, for most people to support the Olympic Games, participation in the Olympic Games contribute...

Beijing Olympic Games in a mobile communications partner, China Mobile proposed to provide the most technologically advanced Olympic Games history, the richest business, the most considerate service for mobile communications services. This is, how it will be China Mobile? According to the characteristics of the Olympic Games, China Mobile has developed a total of 29 products, which includes for the public, BOCOG and media products. During the Olympic Games, China Mobile will invest 40 000 operating rooms, 10,000 seats and 160,000 business customers representative and account manager.。 These services are already present in the Olympic Games Roadshow implementation and evaluation. Precision cell SMS delivered platform adopted by, for example, in the event of an emergency, you can use precision cell SMS delivered platform adopted in the first time informed the crowd for evacuation. This feature has been held in Qingdao Sailing competitions. . .

In addition, the media and outside of China's independent innovation, has its own intellectual property international 3 g Standard, the roadshow to TD-SCDMA on April 1, 2008, the eight cities. According to the plan, this technology will be carried out on commercial during the Olympics, mobile communication is a milestone on the journey.

China Mobile, the flame safeguard trip. .

2008 may 8, 9, Beijing Olympic torch relay, Everest transfer. This is the Olympic torch first reached the top of the world's highest point, it bears witness to the unity and patriotic fervor, the climbers Tashi ciren through China Mobile network from the top of the world back to the first torch climb to MMS, witnessed our mobile communication technologies and services of another breakthrough.

The highest female priest from Athens Olympic torch aloft the moment, the Beijing Olympic Games torch relay official tour leave, also marks the Olympic torch for China Mobile partners full communication support project launched. During the torch passed abroad, China Mobile, the torch relay team customized specifically for the international roaming service, with 354 operators worldwide roaming partnerships established to provide exclusive 7 × 24-hour service. .

Pass the torch in China, China Mobile will routine communications security and emergency communications supply full protection for the torch relay. In everyday communication security, China Mobile at Headquarters and in the province of the company are creation of a specialized working group on the torch relay cities may pass a comprehensive test of routes, based on the test results for network expansion, the cumulative investment of about 9000 visitors, create a new base station more than 1100, 5100 multiple base stations. At present, the city's main roads, highways and motorways have been seamless coverage, and are able to offer wireless data service. . In addition, the deployment of large-scale emergency vehicles have to make the torch relay celebrations communication support. .

On the other hand, in order to respond to emergencies that may occur, China Mobile has 44 mini satellite emergency communication vehicle, the Organizing Committee has agreed to join the torch convoys delivering activities provide emergency communication security. The car uses satellite channels as transport means, you can provide a telephone and wireless Internet access, and is equipped with four fixed telephone, ensures that the command State of emergency. It is the smallest of emergency communications vehicle. Earlier, the provinces to develop emergency response drills, amended contingency plans for over 1500, emergency drills 1600 times.

Communication support in the torch relay, the most challenging than Mount Everest. In order to ensure that the Everest torch relay elsewhere, and China Mobile in the Everest region breakthrough in cold climate and geographical constraints, especially oxygen content in air is only 38% of the Mainland, the night temperature of minus 20 degrees Celsius, wind can be a staggering 12 the local level, China Mobile built the world's highest base elevation of 6500 Mickey station DD, achievements in the history of the world's communication of a miracle.。.

5200,5800,6500, this is far from the three simple figures. China Mobile, the world's highest peak on a world's highest GSM Jianzhan project. The project directly serve the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, showing that "Masanori Ministry of Health and attain the best" spirit of enterprise culture and Chinese mobile network coverage. "Meeting the Olympic torch across Mount Everest, we are ready!" A simple case, the back is a solemn commitment to China Mobile and many builders have to pay and the pain and effort.。 Pass the torch and the whole process of Everest, the Chinese and the peoples of the world through the mobile phone and network synchronization trace its process, and after a few minutes to the top you can see from the online collection of information related to video. China Mobile for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the cause of human mountaineering has created a new record, it shows the human communication in the 21st century communication miracles without limit.

Company Events November 18, 1989, the first analog cellular mobile telephone system in Guangdong Province and put into commercial. . .

In 1997, 26 March, posts and telecommunications, mobile communications Bureau was set up. ..

In 1995, GSM digital telephone network officially opened. . .

In 1996, China Telecom Mobile phone national roaming, and begin offering international roaming services.

July 17, 1997, China Telecom, the first 10 million mobile phone customers was born in Jiangsu. . .

22 October 1997, 23, Guangdong digital mobile and Zhejiang mobile communication assets are injecting China Telecom (Hong Kong) Limited (later renamed as China Mobile (Hong Kong) co., Ltd.), one in New York and Hong Kong stock exchange...

August 18, 1998, China Telecom break 20 million customers. . .

The end of April 1999, under the State Council approved the restructuring programme for China Telecom, mobile communication Division work started...

At 0:00 on the July 22, 1999, "New space-time" mobile phone numbers rose 11. . .

20 April 2000, the company was founded. China Mobile.

The end of 2000, China Mobile's exchange capacity of more than 200 million. . .

2002, 1, 22-24 April, the China Mobile Group company working conference, presented in the next two to three years to implement "service and business leader" of the recent strategic focus...

March 5, 2002, China Mobile, KTF in Beijing and South Korea signed the GSM-CDMA Automatic Roaming bilateral agreements achieved between the GSM-CDMA Automatic Roaming. May 20, 2002, China Mobile Fuhan service team to reach North Korea to watch the Football World Cup Korea Japan China Mobile offer GSM-CDMA roaming the original number. This is the first time, China Mobile to provide on-site mobile services abroad. . .

20 February 2001, held in Cannes, France in the sixth annual meeting of the Global GSM, Xinhua news agency offices Li Mo-chief engineer was awarded "outstanding contribution Award from the GSM Alliance.".

September 14, 2001, China Mobile Guangzhou International Bureau to achieve a smooth switchover of network, marking the first China Mobile official opening of the International Communications Gateway. . .

26/11/2001, the first mobile company in Beijing 100 million customers. ..

December 31, 2001, China Mobile close the analog mobile telephone network, to cease operating the analog mobile phone service. July 21, 2004 China Mobile Communications Corporation Beijing 2008 Olympic Games officially become mobile communications service partner. In 2004, China Mobile Communications Corporation of net assets to 2331. .6100 100 million yuan, net profit reached 420. .04 Billion yuan. October 2005, China Mobile Communications Corporation announced the acquisition of mobile telecommunications operators in Hong Kong PEOPLES (China Resources Peoples Telephone Company), has become its wholly-owned subsidiary, and renamed China Mobile Peoples Telephone Company LimitedFor the month of February 2007, the company's mobile phone users to achieve a one-way fare (culture called free).

March 2008, the roaming charges will be substantially reduced. April 1, 2008, China Mobile in eight cities nationwide, opening 157, a comprehensive domestic 3G trial May 23, 2008, China Mobile Communications Corporation 23 notification, China Railway Group Limited into China Mobile Communications Corporation , a wholly owned subsidiary enterprises, the current will remain relatively independent. China's telecom industry restructuring began. China Mobile Communications Corporation management also be adjusted accordingly.。 According to the China Mobile Communications Corporation, this adjustment does not deal with China Mobile Ltd..

January 7, 2009, 14:30 News, Industry and Information Technology Department of China Mobile TD-SCDMA released the third generation mobile communication (3G) licenses. 14:50 news, China Mobile announced the official launch of the new 3G brand identity "G3" and 3G own paragraph 188, and the first to provide 3G services. China Mobile said, TD-SCDMA second stage of construction has been fully launched in June this year, can add 28 cities of TD-SCDMA network coverage. According to the company's plan, by 2011, TD-SCDMA network will cover 100% of cities nationwide. .

Future directions in accordance with the national foster a number of internationally competitive strength of large enterprise groups, China Mobile Communications establishes "the world's leading communications companies," the development of strategic objectives. Around this goal, China Mobile communications to implement the "services and business leader" of the recent strategic focus to promote leading-edge, ensure sustainable development, to promote industrialization in China to make its due contribution.

The current leadership of President Wang of China Mobile Communications Corporation and deputy party secretary. .

Receive mobile company party branch Secretary, Deputy General Manager.

Li Zhengmao China Mobile Communications Corporation Vice President and party members. .

Dave Astels iron China Mobile company Deputy General Manager, Member of the party group.

Deputy General Manager of China Mobile Communications Corporation Staffs, party members. .

Li Ho, Vice President, Member of the party group.

Lu Xiangdong, vice president of China Mobile Communications Corporation, party members. .

Picture of sea communications Group Vice President, Member of the party group.

Wen-lin, vice president of China Mobile Communications Corporation, party members. .

Sandy Spring family of China Mobile Group Vice President, Member of the party group.

Liu Aili, vice president of China Mobile Communications Corporation, party members. .

Corporate responsibility to adhere to do an outstanding corporate citizen in sincerity, honesty pledge to never complacent, innovative and enterprising mentality, excellence, the pursuit of corporate, social and environmental development of harmony.

Customer Service Group Customer Service goals. .

China Mobile communication from heart "started" service concept, give full play to the products, networks, services and other advantages, always according to group clients in management, technology and services, to the best way to group clients tailor-made mobile information technology solutions that enhance the Group's overall customer satisfaction and loyalty, and ultimately achieving the Group's clients and win-win business.

Group customer service channels. .

1. call your account manager.

2, call a customer service hotline 10086. .

3, to the local business office.

4, through the website of China Mobile Group, the company handled customer area. .

Group customer service.

China Mobile to provide priority for the Group's customers, quality, service system offers three advantages:. .

1, consultative service: for each group of customers with a dedicated account manager, account manager at or above the door, telephones, and consulting services.

2, personalized service: According to the different types of corporate clients individual needs, provide targeted, differentiated services. .

3, the green channel services: group customer consultation, complaints, accepting time enjoy convenient green channel service.

Would like to apply to the local group can move your business or the business the company 10086 Office consultation. .

Partners Phoenix TV.

Phoenix is committed to providing high-quality Mandarin Chinese around the world television, the world's TV channels have covered nearly a hundred countries and regions. .

Vodafone.

Vodafone, the European wireless communications company, is the world's second largest mobile operator. .

Contact us-China Mobile users are welcome and we maintain good communication with your enthusiasm and love, help us to continuously strive for excellence in quality, we continue to explore the successful promotion of innovation.

Mailing address: Financial Street, Xicheng District, Beijing China Mobile Communications Corporation 29. .

Zip code: 100032.

China Customer Service Hotline: 10086. .

Business processing.

Features in our products and services online application, custom, change, cancel and other operations. .

Common product handling.

Provide common product introduction, opening and cancellation features, including: basic call, call waiting, call forwarding, three-way calling, call barring, caller ID, call reminders, ringtones, MMS, mobile secretary, domestic roaming, online payments, SMS, mobile Internet, etc. (including characteristics of the provinces company business). .

New business.

The whole network of new business Tezhi new products or services, flying letters, SMS receipt, number of thin butler, mobile phones and other reports. For such operations, the site description of its business, application, customization, cancellation and state changes. .

Dream network business.

Monternet business Tezhi addition to its own business outside of China Mobile, the Monternet program, with China Mobile third-party companies to provide business content. Monternet business process refers to the site go through a third party company for the customer services provided by the query, browsing, ordering and other services and features. .

Dream-delocalization, network business.

Order to provide you with all of the query and return Monternet business function set. Monternet business services will be set back into the SP unified business query and set the process back. .

Wireless music business.

China Mobile wireless music service that offers wireless music products, including ring tones, IVR, ring and so on. You can access the website we provide ring tones, IVR, ring and other wireless music query, browse, listen, download, order, and set the other services and features. .

Packages for a change.

Provide you with the processing and modification of individual packages, including: the global pass packages, Shenzhouxing package, M-Zone tariff packages and other major products, and other long distance, data, superimposed on the main product packages and other benefits (including the provincial company's business characteristics). Package business services including application packages, check with the package plan, and implement plans to change course next month and plan to abolish the package. .

The booking service.

For the Diamond, Gold and Silver make an appointment for individual large clients receiving services, query and cancel function. .

Mobile Baoting/complex machine.

Mobile Newspaper stop is the site you can take the initiative to apply for a temporary stop on your number of mobile terminals in its possession all the services. Mobile complex machine is your resume through the website you have all the services mobile number. .

Keep the card activation.

You can through the website, mobile phone SIM card processing equipment Card activation. .

Call forwarding settings.

You can through the website, for unconditional call forwarding number set or canceled. .

12593.

12,593 for the launch of China Mobile provincial IP long-distance access number, or long-distance discount Shinkansen services. Mobile phones long distance telephone, mobile phone number in the other dial 12 593 before, is particularly cost-effective. Do not apply when it opened as the provinces to move the company's circumstances. .


Basic overview of the summer of 1996, the three young men of Israel, Levis, Wadi and Gao finger together decided to develop a software that makes full use of the Internet features of instant communication to achieve fast and direct communication, the resulting design philosophy of the ICQ. At that time they communicate with each other in order to be able to contact the Exchange over the Internet, it can be said that almost a personal "toys", and was known as the small company Mirabilis, to all registered users with the ICQ services.

Later, America Online to 2. .87 Billion acquisition of ICQ, in May 1998 the number of users it has broken 100 million mark, an average of 10 million users a day online, the average online time per user for three hours. .

In 1999, a large number of domestic imitate ICQ online instant messaging software, such as the earliest Picq, Ricq, Ticq (TQ), Qicq, Micq, PCicq, Oicq, OMMO, Sina, Sohu, NetEase, Baidu has also developed a similar software, such as Sina UC, NetEase's bubble, Baidu Hi. OICQ QQ's predecessor was in February 1999, the first launch.

QQ has been able to in so many online instant messaging software stand out, eventually bury all other competitors out and occupation of the Chinese online instant messaging software market for more than 74% of the market, partly depends on the strength of the other half relies on luck . .

Tencent QQ history of 12 November 1998, the obvious and his college classmate Zhang Dong was formally registered and established the "Shenzhen Tencent computer system co., Ltd.". At that time, the company's primary business is expanding a wireless network paging system. The company had to build the calling station Internet paging system that applies to a business or organization's software development projects can be said to be virtually all small and medium-sized network services Corporation is the best choice.


In 1997, Mr. Ma has access to the ICQ and became its users, he personally felt the charm of ICQ, also saw its limitations: first, the English interface, the second operation in the use of considerable difficulty, which makes the ICQ in the country Although more widely used, but still not particularly popular, mostly limited to "worms" in a master class. Mr. Ma and his partners started to develop a Chinese language is the ICQ software, then sell it to strong enterprises, Tencent had not thought about their own business need to invest huge funds can not earn money, but the Chinese ICQ.。 You know, was the subject of Tencent to OICQ price only just 30 million. To the rapid development of Tencent started later, Ma Huateng very timely said: "we need our own Chinese network software, we will need your own ICQ!", but in fact, Tencent launched OICQ are purely a chance, if the big enterprises did not intend to invest to ICQ, no OICQ, if header in Tencent, there would be no OICQ, Tencent Tencent's success a half luck, half-strength. Subsequently referred to as QQ, Tencent QQ on the network, there are a lot of salutation — called as such, called Chun chun.

Call of Duty has been a lot of people questioned why the function is not particularly good QQ to beat the masses, the end is almost near monopoly of China's online instant messaging software market? Yes, from the function that has QQ and nothing special, but compared to other online instant messaging software is nothing special, we are all imitation ICQ. .

But QQ success, why not lies in its functionality, and how powerful is that it's very reasonable for the design of the interface, the user simply operating, compared and QQ contemporaries online instant messaging software, such as Sina, pager, etc., they are a OMMO began is not weaker than QQ, in particular, its a OMMO published on the launch of the much more powerful than the QQ's features, such as email, network harddisk, too much functionality it keeps users feel that the operation is very cumbersome, it is an important reason for failure.

Surprisingly, in such a multi-functional new post Tencent, OICQ interface has not changed. .

In fact, this is victory, OICQ online instant software characteristics determine the Matthew effect in this market, this is like the two cities, people are willing to go to the more prosperous city, prosperous city is more prosperous and barren city is anything.

Changing Faces staged in 2000, Tencent's OICQ basically already occupying more than 90% of online instant messaging market, basically win the match, this time trouble came. AOL followed quickly sent to Tencent, ICQ is a registered trademark of AOL, any word in the name of similar software using ICQ AOL trademark infringement of the right to use all the risks. OICQ renamed the requirements Tencent, otherwise it will resort to the courts. .

Therefore, in the version Build OICQ2000 0325, OICQ do another change ahead of self-protection, 0325 versions from the installation file to start the call themselves "QQ2000" in order to avoid legal conflicts occur with ICQ, QQ is online on a nickname OICQ, only overnight but it became the official new name OICQ.

February 1999, Tencent developed Internet-based real-time communications network tools - Tencent instant messaging (Tencent Instant Messenger, referred to as TIM or Tencent QQ), its reasonable design, excellent ease of use, powerful, stable and efficient The system is running, has won the customers. .

QQ member 1, membership growth system currently consists of six phases, respectively, VIP1-VIP6 represents a specific growth stages depend on membership "grow value membership growth stage VIP1 VIP2 VIP3 VIP4 VIP5 VIP6 growth value 0 600 6000 10800 3600 1800.

2, growth value is calculated as follows: S = S0 + 5t1 + 10t2 + 12t3 - 5t4. .

S: growth value (minimum is 0, the next display growth value changes. ） 。.

S0: one-time growth of the value of feedback (and old members to thank our customers the consistent support and love, Tencent system 2006-9-7 growth in new members a one-time gift to launch the growth of the value of the old members back). .

T1: ordinary payment (mobile phones, PHS, broadband) cumulative open days.

t2: Q currency of payment (such as personal accounts, QQ cards, phone open, giving to others, etc.) the cumulative number of days open. .

T3: online banking payment method (such as online banking, Choi builds) cumulative open days.

t4: S> 0 time the cumulative number of days of non-members (the total value of 1 day each S on the reduction of 5, S = 0 time is not cumulative) for example: Xiao Zhang growing system in the Member received the launch of a one-time growth of the value of 900 feedback, followed by 110 days were using mobile phones, personal accounts and online banking members of the opening 30 days, 20 days suspended member, he's growing value of S = 900 + 5 × 30 + 10 × 30 + 12 × 30 - 5 × 20 = 1610. .

注： 。.

1) S0 = the past year (2005-9-1 to 2006-8-31) total membership days × 10;. .

2) t1 t2, t3, t4, are from the development system; on the day of launch.

3) t1, t2, t3 can not be accumulated at the same time, if the user opened a variety of payment members (such as broadband prepaid prior to maturity also used a prepaid account and online banking prepaid charge), the priority at this time accumulated t3, Once at the cumulative total of t2, the final accumulated t1;. .

4) the payment of specific growth rate is as follows: payment methods regular growth velocity note payment: mobile phones, PHS, broadband 5 Q DOLLER manner: for example, personal accounts, QQ, 168 voice telephone service given, 5 + 5 (promotional incentives presented) users to replace payment method, the new growth rate will begin to show after 24 hours. Online payment methods: online banking, Choi builds 5 + 7 (promotional incentives presented).

In the August 28, 2008, Tencent QQ launched membership annual fee, annual fee membership user through Internet Banking / Finance to pay through or Q point / Q coins account for one-time purchase of one year (12 months) and more business users Member . Annual fee members can enjoy an exclusive 15-point growth in value every day. Red Diamond. .

Privilege 1: extreme red drill ID: become a red diamond barons, your QQ Show will immediately have a distinctive extreme label.

Chi. Fully reflects the style of your lone exception. Red Diamond - Your QQ Show is brightly than others. .

Privileges II: dynamic QQ Show: your QQ Show will move? become a QQ xiuhong drill aristocrats, can let you animate of QQ Show.

Shining star luster, which is the true dynamic family. .

Privileges three: crazy discount: you want to enjoy the gorgeous, crazy discount. Become a red diamond nobles let you have truly affordable.

Privileges. All products all discounted, shopping QQ Show your easily than anyone else! . .

Four: 3DQQ show privileges exclusive: Red drill aristocracy of 360 degrees of temptation, let your QQ Show dance! huangzuan on your desktop.

Yellow diamond nobility, enjoy the following super:. .

1. all goods QQ homes without having to purchase, free of charge.

2. Early experience QQ space; QQ space objects do not need to buy, free of charge. .

3. QQ identifies with bright green drill huangzuan.

Green Diamond nobility Tencent launched monthly online music service. A green diamond elite, will enjoy all the product Tencent QQ's platform in the exciting music services:. .

1) free use QQ space background music for personal space and dramatic.

2) prominently displayed on the individual rate QQ drill marks. .

3) enjoy QQ music player MP3 free download.

4) QQ chat free music scene. .

5) free song to a friend.

6) discount concert tickets and CD purchase rights. .

QQ music green drill nobles, passion and enjoy live music. Blue diamond.

Super players to enjoy the privileges and services: Extreme Blue Diamond logo, kicking features, priority access to people over the room, attentive service exclusive real-time network room, find the position players, 24-hour double points, find the location of all players, custom long nickname, custom game blacklist, custom game friends, lobby shop and other props Jiuzhe purple diamond. .

Additional game credits to send privileged access to the full channel.

Mad props store discount long friends list. .

Exclusive in-game pet red game room.

Cool special room sign unique drill than face powder. .

Exclusive powder drill with noble Club exclusive properties in food.

Exclusive free buffet exclusive free fresh bubble bath. .

Free offline managed privilege Pack discount.

Free medical care privileges bubble dress casually in black diamond. .

· Black Diamond is Tencent fighting against Superman gas online the underground city and warriors of VIP user created the most privileged.

* Black Diamond allows users to enjoy the game more and better exclusive privileges. .

· Black Diamond can make your game unique.

* Black Diamond distinguished service on the account, all major areas and roles effectively. .

Tencent Tencent Instant Messenger Instant Messaging (Messenger, hereinafter referred to as Tencent TM) for Tencent Inc. grasp market demand for mature Office user, introduced with Office featured instant messaging software. Its safe and practical online enterprise, electronic business cards, TM clerk, video, voice, messaging, encrypted transmission, powerful features, to make your communication more lightning-fast, efficient, more economical! TM is a Office IM, property belonging to the category of EIM, such as the "online business", for business communication and "vCard". Functionally complete practical function QQ. . Tencent Messenger (abbreviated TM) is the Tencent company office who has a well-built instant messaging software. Designed for office environment, focusing on communication and contact between acquaintances. .

Features of Tencent QQ QQ is Tencent computer system co., Ltd. a Internet-based instant messaging (IM) software, we can use to communicate with friends QQ, information and custom picture or phase.


Chip to send and receive real-time, face to face, voice and video chat feature is very comprehensive. In addition, the phone also has a chat with QQ, bp machine online paging, chat room, point to point HTTP to transfer files, share files, qq-mail, memos, Web favorites, send greeting cards and other functions. QQ instant messaging software is not only simple, it more than the national paging, mobile communications companies, to achieve the traditional wireless paging network, GSM mobile phone short message interconnection, is the most powerful of the most popular instant messaging (IM ) software. Tencent QQ online chat, instant transmission of video, voice and documents a variety of functions.。.

QQ may be present in China, the most frequently used communications tool. .

Over time, depending on the QQ developed add-on products more and more, such as: QQ pet, QQ game, and QQ music, such as QQ, QQ space..

To make a more in-depth life QQ, Tencent QQ and QQ developed a mobile hierarchy. As long as the application mobile QQ, users can enjoy on their mobile phone QQ chat, charged 10 yuan a month. Mobile QQ2007 achieved single phone video chat. But on the phone demanding. .

QQ rating system in 2004, Tencent QQ rating system was introduced, when the system is as follows:.

Total duration (hours) level. .

1.20.

50 2. .

3.90

1404. .

5.200.

2706. .

7 350.

4408. .

12 900.

152 016. .

32.5600

1224048. .

In 2005, Tencent QQ rating system has been improved, as follows:.

☆ = star ? = moon ? = sun. .

Level: ☆/1-￠/4-?/16-level.

Level the number of days to upgrade the number of days active level of icon. .

1 7 * 5.

2 12 9 ☆ ☆. .

3 21 11 ☆ ☆ ☆.

4 32 13 ?. .

5 45 15 $ ☆.

6 60 17 ? ☆ ☆. .

7 77 19 ￠ ☆ ☆ ☆.

8 96 21 ? ?. .

9 23 DIA DIA ☆ 117.

10 140 25 ? ? ☆ ☆. .

11 27 DIA DIA 165 ☆ ☆ ☆.

12 192 29 ? ? ?. .

13 226 31 $ $ $ *.

14 252 33 ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

15 285 35 $ $ $ ☆ ☆ ☆.

16 320 37 ?. .

17 357 39 ? ☆.

18 396 41 ? ☆ ☆. .

? 19 437 43. ☆ ☆ ☆

20 480 45 ? ?. .

47 21 525. ? ￠ ☆

22 572 49 ? ? ☆ ☆. .

23 621 51 ? ￠ ☆ ☆ ☆.

24 672 53 ? ? ?. .

25 725 55 ? DIA dia ☆.

26 780 57 ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

27 59 837 ? DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

28 896 61 ? ? ? ?. .

29 957 63 ? DIA DIA dia ☆.

30 1020 65 ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

31 67 ? $ 1085 DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

32 1152 69 ? ?. .

33 71 ? ? ☆ 1221.

34 1292 73 ? ? ☆ ☆. .

35 1365 75 ? ? ☆ ☆ ☆.

36 1440 77 ? ? ?. .

37 79 ? 1517 ? ￠ ☆.

38 1596 81 ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

83 39 1677 ? ? ￠ ☆ ☆ ☆.

40 1760 85 ? ? ? ?. .

41 87 ? 1845 ? DIA dia ☆.

42 1932 89 ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

43 2021 91 ? ? DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

44 2112 93 ? ? ? ? ?. .

45 2205 95 ? ? DIA DIA dia ☆.

46 2300 97 ? ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

47 2397 99 ? ? DIA DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

48 2496 101 ? ? ?. .

49 2597 ? ? ? * 103.

50 2700 105 ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

51 2805 107 ? ? ? ☆ ☆ ☆.

52 2912 109 ? ? ? ?. .

53 3021 111 ? ? ? ￠ ☆.

54 3132 113 ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

55 3245 115 ? ? ? ￠ ☆ ☆ ☆.

56 3360 117 ? ? ? ? ?. .

57 3477 119 ? ? ? DIA dia ☆.

58 3596 121 ? ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

59 3717 123 ? ? ? DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

60 3840 125 ? ? ? ? ? ?. .

61 3965 127 ? ? ? DIA DIA dia ☆.

62 4092 129 ? ? ? ? ? ? ☆ ☆. .

63 4221 131 ? ? ? DIA DIA dia ☆ ☆ ☆.

64 4352 133 ? ? ? ?. .

Algorithms: the progression of the x series + 4 × series = active days.

QQ is the earliest grades to calculate the hours, the period of time, most of QQ users are linked to QQ, there are a lot of the media after accusing them of wasting their energy, (such as electric power, etc.) in relevant departments of the intervention, Tencent QQ level will become in days, even a day as long as two hours a day online. More than half an hour for two hours the following are recorded as half a day. .

"Active days accumulated method as follows:".

Ordinary users:. .

Day (0: 00-23: 59) using QQ 2 hours (2 hours), count users on the same day as the active days, the cumulative number of days for which active: 1 day.

Day (0:00-23:59) the use of QQ 0. .5 Hours to 2 hours, the cumulative number of days for its active 0. .5 Days. .

Day (0: 00-23: 59) using QQ in 0. .5 hours following, not the number of days for which the cumulative active.

QQ members are:. .

Day (0: 00-23: 59) using QQ 2 hours (2 hours), according to the different VIP levels, QQ member users can be up to the number of days accumulated 1. .6 days.

QQ VIP membership levels can be accumulated daily online activity days. .

1. VIP1 2-hour days accessory.1.

VIP2 2 hours 1. .2 Days. .

VIP3 2 hours 1. .5 days.

VIP4 2 hours 1. .4 Days. .

2 hour 1 VIP5. .5 days.

VIP6 2 hours 1. .6 Days. .

Day (0: 00-23: 59) using QQ in 0. .5 hours to 2 hours for its active days accumulated 0. .5 days.

Day (0:00-23:59) the use of QQ 0. .5 Hours of the following is not active for the cumulative number of days. .

QQ QQ release history for windows.

QQ2009 official version (09. .04. .16). .

QQ2009 beta and RC (.04 .02 09...).

QQ2009 Beta2 simplified Chinese version (09. .03. .02). .

QQ2009 Beta simplified Chinese version (Vista compatible) (. 01.09. .23).

QQ2009 beta Simplified Chinese version (09. .01. .15). .


QQ2009 Beta 。.

QQ2009 beta Traditional Chinese version (09. .01. .15). .

QQ2009 beta English Release (09。.01。.15) 。.

QQ2009 Preview4 Traditional Chinese version released (08. .12. .03). .

QQ2009 Preview 4 English Release （08。.12。.03） 。.

QQ2009 preview4 Simplified Chinese (2008. .11. .24). .

QQ2008II Beta1 (2008。.09。.26) 。.

QQ2009 preview3 Traditional Chinese (2008. .08. .29). .

QQ2009 preview3 English(2008。.08。.29) 。.

QQ2009 preview3 (perfect QQ2009 function) (2008. .08. .20). .

QQ2008 official version (.07 .07 2008...).

QQ2009 perview2 (2008. .6. .26). .

QQ2008 Beta2(2008。.06。.02) 。.

QQ2008 Beta1 pray Edition (2008. .05. .14). .

QQ2008 Beta1(2008。.04。.08) 。.

QQ2009 perview1 (2008. .02. .06). .

QQ2008 Hesuiban (.01 .02 2008...).

QQ2007II official version (2008. .01. .14). .

QQ2007II Beta2(2007。.11。.21) 。.

QQ2007II Beta1 (2007. .10. .18). .

Beta QQ2007 (.17 .09.2007.).

QQ2007 Beta4 (2007. .07. .26). .

QQ2007 7。.0 Beta3(2007。.06。.20) 。.

QQ2007 Beta2 (2007. .05. .17). .

QQ2007 Beta1(2007。.02。.08) 。.

QQ2006 official version (supporting 98) (2006. .12. .21). .

QQ2006 Beta3(2006。.09。.14) 。.

QQ2006 Beta2 (2006. .05. .08). .

QQ2006 Beta1(2006。.03。.14) 。.

QQ2006 Beta1 (2006. .03. .10). .

QQ2006 Hesuiban Beta2 (.02 .09 2006...).

QQ2006 Hesuiban Beta1 (2006. .01. .20). .

QQ2005 official version (.27 .10 2005...).

QQ2005 Beta3 (2005. .09. .20). .

QQ2005 Beta2(2005。.06。.13) 。.

QQ2005 Beta1 (2005. .04. .01). .

QQ2005 Spring Edition (.02 .02 2005...).

QQ2004II official version (2004. .12. .28). .

QQ2004II Beta3(2004。.12。.14) 。.

QQ2004II Beta2 (2004. .11. .08). .

QQ2004II Beta1(2004。.09。.29) 。.

QQ2004 official version (2004. .09. .09). .

QQ2004 Beta(2004。.07。.12) 。.

QQ2004 Olympic (2004. .04. .28). .

QQ2004II traditional Chinese version.

QQ2004II English the official version. .

QQ2003III build0117(2004。.01。.17) 。.

QQ2003III beta4 (2004. .01. .02). .

QQ2003III beta3(2003。.12。.04) 。.

QQ2003III beta2 (2003. .11. .20). .

QQ2003II 0925(2003。.10。.14) 。.

QQ2003II Beta2 (2003. .09. .17). .

QQ2003 Beta4(2003。.07。.24) 。.

QQ2001 1220 (2001. .12. .24). .

QQ2001 1125 。.

Oicq2000 official version. .

Oicq2000 a (2000。.10) 。.

Oicq Beta3. .

Oicq Beta2 。.

Oicq Beta1 (1999. .02) Top. .

QQ for Mac 。.

QQ for Mac 1. .0 Build 0305 (2008. .06. .13). .

QQ for Mac 1。.0 Preview(2008。.01。.28) 。.

QQ for Linux. .

QQ for Linux 1。.0 Preview106(2008。.08。.29) 。.

QQ for Linux 1. .0 Preview (2008. .07. .31). .

QQ for Linux 1。.0 Beta1（2009。.01。.04） 。.

Non-official version of QQ. .

QQ Shanhuchongban (development stopped).

QQ that U.S. version (to stop development). .

Rainbow QQ (suspended development).

QQ crazy DIY version. .

QQ Jisuban.

Cyber QQ. .

QQ business list list Q Q business business list.

Video users (installation of cameras or install virtual camera to display). .

QQ Alumni (http://xy. .qq. .com/).

QQ love wall (http://love.. Qq.. Com /). .

SOSO search bar (http://post. .soso. .com/).

QQ Dating Service (http://jy.. Qq.. Com). .

QQ space (http://qzone. .qq. .com).

QQ tidings (http://yinxin.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ homes (http://home. .qq. .com).

QQ album (http://photo.. Qq.. Com). .

QQ podcast (http://video. .qq. .com/).

QQTalk team voice (http://qqtalk.. Qq.. Com /) (Business closed). .

Q Q song demon (http://qgqm. .qq. .com) (business off).

Tencent pat Network (http://www.. Paipai.. Com /). .

Super Cyclone (http://xf. .qq. .com/).

Tencent Books (http://book.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ bookmark (http://sq. .qq. .com).

E-mail + QQ QQ reading room (http://mail.. Qq.. Com /). .

Choi builds (https://www. .tenpay. .com/).

Q Bar user (http://qbar.. Qq.. Com /). .

SOSO ask (http://wenwen. .com/).

Surging (http://taotao.. Com /). .

Phone Tencent (http://3g. .qq. .com).

3D Show (http://3d.. Qq.. Com). .

Mobile phone-bound (http://bd. .qq. .com).

QQ SMS Superman (http://super.. Qq.. Com /). .

Mobile QQ (http://mobile. .qq. .com/).

Super QQ (http://mq.. Qq.. Com). .

WAPQQ （http://webwap。.qq。.com/ ） 。.

QQ Member (http://vip.. Qq.. Com). .

Member of the color ring back tone (http://qqring. .qq. .com/).

Dungeon & Noble Warriors Black Diamond (http://dnf.. Qq. .com / Vip /). .

QQ xiuhong drill Aristocrat..

(Http://paycenter.. Qq. .com / Qqshow). .

QQ space huangzuan aristocracy.

(Http://paycenter.. Qq. .com / Home). .

QQ games Blue Diamond noble (http://gamevip. .qq. .com/).

QQ Tang Purple Diamond Member page (http://qqtang.. Qq. .com / Vip). .

QQ Sonic purple drill Member page (http://r2. .qq. .com/vip).

QQ pet pink diamond nobility (http://pet.. Qq. .com / Vip /). .

QQ underground city and noble warriors, Black Diamond (http://dnf. .qq. .com/vip/).

QQ's Green Diamond nobility. .

(http://paycenter。.qq。.com/music ) 。.

Through FireWire Member (cf.. Qq. .com / Vip). .

QQ games.

QQ Fantasy (http://fo.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ free fantasy (http://ffo. .qq. .com).

QQ Battle Platform (http://battle.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ Tang (http://qqtang. .qq. .com/).

QQ speed of sound (http://r2.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ Mikuni (http://sg. .qq. .com/).

QQ Huaxia (http://hx2.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ flying Island (http://nana. .qq. .com/).

QQ Speed (http://speed.. Qq.. Com /). .

Through FireWire (http://cf. .qq. .com/).

Underground City and the Warriors (http://dnf.. Qq.. Com /). .

Alex (http://xx. .qq. .com/).

QQ Hyun Dance (http://x5.. Qq.. Com /). .

QQ Wonderland (http://xj. .qq. .com/).

QQ MOYU (http://act.. Gamezone.. Qq. .com/user_28_2_4677549.. Html). .

Game of life (http://game. .qq. .com/life/).

A. . V. . A (http://ava.. Qq.. Com /). .

Pets.

QQ Pet (http://pet.. Qq.. Com). .

QQ Penguin (http://pet. .qq. .com/web07/).

QQ Pig: (http://pig.. Pet.. Qq.. Com). .

QQ raging (http://bear. .pet. .qq. .com/).

WEBQQ. .

WEBQQ: address (http://web. .qq. .com/).

History Tencent was founded in November 1998 to launch wireless Internet paging solutions. .

February 1999, Tencent instant messaging service, and wireless paging, GSM, Internet and IP telephony.

QQ users in November 1999 registered number reached one million. .

In April 2000, the number of QQ users to register up to 500 million.

In May 2000 while QQ million mark for the first time online. .

5/28/people: 5 month 27 d 20: 43, QQ online simultaneously for the first time the number of 100 000 mark. 6 month QQ number and then registered users should never break.

June 21, 2000, "Mobile QQ" into China Unicom "mobile new life to thousands of Tencent QQ and China Unicom mobile phone users, far-reaching. After Tencent Shenzhen Unicom Corporation and the efforts of both sides, in Shenzhen, China Unicom," Mobile New Life "service first launched 10 000 STK card, embedded in the" Mobile QQ "menu, make the service more convenient to use. in the card," Mobile QQ "service includes the sending of information, query information, query Friend status inquiries by different conditions Tencent QQ users and so on..

November 2000 QQ2000 version officially released.

January 2001 China ranked sixth in the Tencent network. .

31 January, NetValue announced five Asian countries and regions of the Internet site and solid rankings, including Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and China, Tencent ranked No. 6 in China.

February 2001 Tencent QQ online breaking one million mark for success, the number of registered users has increased to 50 million. .

In March 2002, the number of QQ users exceeded 1 billion mark.

July 2002 advocated industry self-regulation, signed "Convention on the Chinese Internet industry self-regulation." .

In October 2002, the "human life" Q Q QQ selection contest for the success of the star.

October 2002 -12 months, the first "Q Q human life" QQ Star trials of success and further the image of the QQ into the lives of modern youth. .

In December 2002, Tencent has been identified as the "2002 key software enterprise of Shenzhen City."

After the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, State Administration of Taxation Shenzhen, Shenzhen local taxation bureau and other financial institutions 9 assessment, Tencent is recognized as "2002 Shenzhen key software enterprise." .

August 2003-launch of the "QQ game" again leads the Internet entertainment experience.

September 2003 QQ number to rise to 200 million registered users. .

Launched September 2003 Enterprise real-time communications products "tengxuntong" (RTX).

September 9 at the Beijing Kerry proud to announce the enterprise-class real-time communications products "Tencent" (RTX). Marks Tencent into the enterprise market, as China's first real-time communications service provider businesses. .

In December 2003, Tencent Messenger (hereinafter referred to as Tencent TM) external announcement.

December 15th, Tencent a new instant messaging software - Tencent Messenger (short Tencent TM) have announced the provision of office environments and familiar friends, real-time communication between the users download. .

In December 2003, were again identified as "2003 key software enterprise of Shenzhen City."

In January 2004 by China Mobile Monternet "2003 Monternet Partner Best Progress Award", "2003 Monternet tidings interactive business partners the best performance award" and "2003 Monternet SMS business partner Best Performance Award "three awards. .

In April 2004, the number of QQ users to scale new heights, break the 3 million mark.

In May 2004 among the "2003 Shenzhen Software Enterprise hundred" list of the fourth. .

16 June 2004 on the stock exchange of Tencent Holdings board formally, stock code 700. Is the first company in Hong Kong listed in Internet business.

July 2004 ranked "2003 hundred private enterprises in Guangdong Province," No. 25. .

In August 2004, QQ game online breaking through 62 million people, leaping to the first major casual games portals.

August 27, 2004, Tencent QQ game (http://game.. QQ.. Com), while breaking the 62 million people online. QQ Games from August 18, 2003 began trial operation in only one year, QQ games line up at the same time the first day of its test operation 100 to the development of more than 620,000 now. This also marks the QQ Games has become the largest and the world's leading casual games portal. .

2004 September 2003 national "private enterprise tax baiqiangbang" # 29.

October 2004 was named China's Tencent Network "the largest market site" one. .

22 October 2004, in the "2004 top 100 Chinese commercial website" large-scale survey, Tencent (www. .qq. .com) votes first, leading to Sina, Sohu, NetEase, portal. At the same time, Tencent QQ. .COM also was rated as China's "city of a maximum of one of the 5 best Web sites". This suggests that Tencent (www. .qq. .com) has been ranked as one of China's strong portal, to become China's most influential one portal site.

December 2004 "2004 Asia-Pacific high-tech 500" Tencent ranked 17th. .

Tencent to it in the past three years as high as $ 1398% of business growth in an international accounting firm Deloitte awarded 2004 annual Asia Pacific technology ranking of the 500 companies ranked 17th in..

December 2004 QQ games break 1 million peak concurrent users. This is the second in August 2004 breakthrough 600 000 QQ game after online casual games platform online to create a new high. .

In December 2004 to build domestic fashion entertainment Tencent, a portal site.

QQ. . COM launched more than a year at the time, made significant achievements. Alexa Ranking in the domestic portal 4, Home, and three channels of domestic third or fourth. .

In December 2004, was inducted into the "2003 Shenzhen top 50 private enterprises".

December 2004 Tencent Inc. has developed nearly 30 independent owners of copyright of software products. .

In January 2005, Tencent has been identified as the "2004 annual key software enterprise of Shenzhen City."

Tencent QQ in February 2005 while the highest number of break 10 million online. .

February 16, 2005, Tencent QQ number while online for the first time exceeded 10 million. Since 2000, Tencent QQ online 10 million people, in a period of only four years to reach 100 times the growth (now online at 3000 million).

Tencent Inc. in April 2005 of the "Intellectual Property Rights 2004 Shenzhen Advanced Unit". .

April 22, 2005, Tencent Shenzhen intellectual property protection Advanced Unit in third place, the first two digits are the Huawei and ZTE Corporation. Deputy Director of the State intellectual property Office on the same day his visit yanxiaohong inspected Tencent intellectual property protection, the positive evaluation of the road: Tencent in China to launch instant messaging software QQ, successful operations for so many years, and create the QQ Penguin-card with this cartoon brand image, the impact is very large, it has become an Internet company in terms of copyright protection and use. . .

In May 2005, Tencent "2005 China software industry's largest 100 companies" before the 25th.

May 12, 2005, National Bureau of Statistics in the Ministry of Information Industry and Ministry of Information Industry under the joint statistics of the national software industry in 2004 Statistical Yearbook data, in accordance with the companies to complete "software revenue", "system integration income", "software services revenue "Three indicators and conduct scheduled validation" in 2005 before the Chinese software industry's largest 100 companies ", the Tencent company ranked 25th. .

June 2008 breakthrough qq online simultaneously 4000 million. Nearly 8 million registered users.

January 2009 qq same line break 43 million. Continue to lead the first of similar software! . .

Qq 2009 launched to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the hundreds of millions of Internet users to participate in, while in the evening of 23 February 8, at the same time the online number 5100 million and reached the amazing 51398182 registered users reach 9 billion, is expected at the end of 2009, qq registered users will be a breakthrough, the only one in the world for more than 10 million users in chat tools!.

March 7, 2009 21:25:03, qq the same time the number reached 56 million online. .

Tencent has made a new decision, they advocated to QQ and mp3 form another connectable QQ networking equipment.

"QQ2007 official version" of new rich "online status" (referred to as: the state) function, the original "online", "left", "Stealth" and "offline" and other four states, based on new by the "Q me", "busy", "mute" three states, the user can freely switch in the status menu online. At the same time, users can also need to edit a number of phrases or sentences as a custom user status, edit the text after the success of the state directly in their friends list with display for easy online friends about your situation at any time, but also for the use of QQ friends who are chosen to provide guidance to chat with you immediately.。.

With the popularity of mobile phones, most mobile phones now support Java, so there mobile QQ, QQ is Tencent phone users built specifically for chatting anytime, anywhere mobile instant messaging software QQ, even without computers can still chat with friends , voice, video, send pictures; can download the latest ringtones, pictures! Is definitely the road users, the perfect leisure time companion! . .

Mobile Internet with computer QQ QQ can show all 105 system QQ portrait, 96 QQ chat graphic expressions. You can display the most recent contacts, stranger, blacklist. Add friends, view online friends information and QQ Show, save chat transcripts. Personalization skins, sounds, and change online status for smart phone also provides a file transfer function. In chatting with a friend can also be, video, voice, photograph instant sending, browse entertainment, download kuling photos, online video, enjoy the MV ... (depending on phone model features vary) and computer QQ fun. . .

Light icon method a, diamond class icon.

[QQ members]: open membership services can be (10 RMB / month). .

[QQ hung drill]: open red drilling service ($ 10/month).

[QQ Huang drill]: yellow drilling services can be opened (10 yuan / month). .

[QQ Blue Diamond]: opening of Blue Diamond service ($ 10/month).

[QQ Tang Purple Diamond]: open QQ Tang Purple drilling services can be (10 RMB / month). .

[QQ Sonic purple drilling] QQ: open Sonic drilling services to purple ($ 10/month).

[QQ Speed Purple Diamond]: open QQ Speed Purple drilling services can be (10 RMB / month). .

[QQ Xuanwu purple drilling] QQ: opening of xuanwu purple drilling service ($ 20/month).

Note: Any opening can be a kind of light purple diamond icon can only be opened more than purple light a purple diamond drilling. .

[QQ powder drill]: opening of powder to drilling service ($ 10/month).

[QQ Green Diamond]: Green Diamond Services can be opened (10 yuan / month). .

[QQ black diamond]: opening of black diamond service ($ 20/month).

[Across the line of fire vip user]: can be opened through the line of fire vip service (30 / month). .

Second, mobile class icon.

[Cellphone]: QQ bound to use the phone and immediately after. .

[Mobile QQ] Open Super QQ service.

[Mobile QQ] QQ software, sign in using the mobile phone. .

[SMS Superman]: opening of SMS services Superman.

[WAPQQ]: just log in once WAPQQ business, it becomes WAPQQ of distinguished users and small icon will be lit in the next three months. .

Note: the icon lights cannot be cancelled.

[Mobile Tencent net]: Log in using the mobile phone network can Tencent. .

Third, product class icon.

[Member ringtones]: open membership service can be free to set ringtones. .

[Q Q song demon]: temporarily can not be lit.

[QQ Dating]: QQ dating service can be registered. .

[3DQQ show]: registered 3D show, at the Mall purchases, you can save the image.

[Video logo]: video device installed on your computer (free of charge open). .

[Super Cyclone]: QQ cyclone integral 500 percent.

[Tencent Book]: Books Tencent VIP services can be opened (10 yuan / month). .

[QQTALK]: business line icon lit rules undone.

Note: QQtalk user icon lit in the preceding rules do not support the removal of, you can not cancel the icon. .

[Ask]: experience value is not a negative value can be lit.

Note: The month is not an active user will be automatically extinguished QQ ask the icon. .

[Tencent patted Net sellers]: Clap nets after certification by sellers (yellow beat Word icon) [Tencent patted net buyers]: Pats online buy 1 item and builds successful fiscal payments (blue beat Word icon).

[QQ Album]: you can register and upload photos. .

[QQ podcast]: login Video page setup.

[QQ space]: QQ space can be opened. .

[QQ mailbox]: use QQ mailbox (mailbox settings in the "," "light up the mailbox icon," operation).

[Q bar]: it points the current Q ≥ 0, files at the Q Bar in the community to log in and click on the "light icon" button. .

Note: 1, Q bar integral detained to negative; 2, continuous 14 is not logged on does not read the Q bar post; two conditions to achieve one of them, it will automatically turn off.

[TenPay]: successfully registered TenPay and recharge resulting from the relevant post or registered TenPay transactions of light. .

[QQlive]: use up to three stars level above.

[QQ Bookmark]: 1, QQ bookmark the new users, the number of bookmarks to public collection, or over 10 you can; 2, if you are already before the update QQ2007Beta3 QQ users and the public collection of bookmarks have been more than 10, as long as the re- Add a public collection can be lit. .

[QQ homeland]: use the QQ space mini housing.

[Rolling]: 1 thousand passengers were successfully uploaded picture ID card; 2, QQ successfully invited five friends to join the surging and become their own hundred members; 3, active in the surging number of days to 15 days. .

[QQ love wall]: QQ love wall icon can get between users, receive icon will automatically light up love wall icon. Light love wall icon, you can also receive complimentary 5 star system icons to give to other users who love to help others wall light icon QQ love wall icon is valid for 2 months. Light icons, each purchase a love wall note background, you can lengthen the time icon lit 2 months.

[QQ tidings]: 1, using 1 or more QQ tidings business (1 yuan / time). ; 2, find an icon has been heard from light QQ users, so that he presented a tidings icon; be presented icon, you can automatically light QQ tidings icon. .

[Search]: when a search bar experience values up to 50 minutes, you can manually search bar Home Search bar icon lights up (Note: the search bar icon is temporarily only QQ2009Preview3 and above to display).

Fourth, the game type icon. .

[QQ pet]: QQ pet ownership.

[Free fantasy]: complete 10 missions can be transferred. .

Note: one week is not logged in user will be automatically off free fantasy icon.

[QQ Tang]: QQ Tang points to reach 1000 points you can. .

[QQ speed]: level up to 12 simultaneous accumulation-1800 kubi will light up.

[Across the line of fire]: Icons can be upgraded according to their individual level of light corresponding to honor the icon (30 honor points). .

[QQ Xuanwu]: in the in-game to the next level reached 10 lit xuanwu icon.

[DNF]: QQ landing ground by the city and the Golden State game, and game characters reach level 18, can be bright dot in the underground city officials and warriors icon. .

Note: two weeks are not logged in user will be automatically off DNF.

[Flying Island]: QQ Flying Island game character to 23 and the Order of tasks to complete novices. (From October 27, 2008 will be suspended from the start a new user login. Old normal users can log on the game. Opening hours please pay attention to the official website announcement). .

[QQ Sonic]: the game figures reach grade 6, and lit icons need to deduct 5 seeds.

Note: The month is not an active user will be automatically extinguished QQ sound icon. .

[QQ Fantasy]: creating a role into the game and then exit can be lit.

[QQ Three Kingdoms]: the game master pupil when at least one line, and the apprentice level to 20 only after the light icon. .

[QQ Huaxia]: QQ Huaxia game character reaches 25 levels.

Note: The month is not an active user will be automatically extinguished QQ Huaxia icon. .

[CFvip user]: CFvip user services can be opened (30 $/month).

[Search cents]: game characters reach level 25, you can search by the system automatically light up fairy icon. .

Software related to 1, QQ QQ music (QQ music player is recommended with music player feature. Be bored when listening to music, online music and at the same time support local music broadcast, is content-rich music platform. Its unique music search and referral feature, you can fully enjoy the most popular, the most popular music. ） 。.

2, QQ games (now added to the station online games and online games! With the QQ number and password can log on to the QQ game center, again without registration; QQ QQ, click the button to enter the game QQ colorful game world; QQ on the direct invitation to play games with friends, alone Better Together; games fun fun, lively and beautiful interface, the most stylish choice for young people.). .

3, Super Cyclone Super Cyclone support multiple tasks simultaneously, each task using the multiple addresses download, multi-threaded, resumable, thread scheduling consecutive etc..


4, QQtalk. .

5, QQ..

6, QQ QQ Calendar Calendar is web-based desktop tool to manage personal affairs, efficient, beautiful, convenient, practical and network. Software Download: http://im. . Qq. .com / qqcalendar / QQ calendar features: Ⅰ. . Hierarchical scheduling: providing means at any time and events schedule to add a sub. .


Class management, interface, table, day, calendar day, the view mode provides a convenient view and summary. Ⅱ. multiple interface design: desktop calendar may concern, management events and tasks, you can also automatically hidden; big calendar interface to fully meet your management needs, such as adding a calendar, import Outlook events, etc. Ⅲ.. diversification event settings: QQ calendar providing a comprehensive set of functions and various events view combination and customizable exclusive personal calendar. Ⅳ. data migration with QQ number: schedule data, configuration information with the QQ number and migration; the same QQ numbers can be in any place.


Be consistent with the performance schedule. .

7. Web Accelerator Web Accelerator is a P2P technology to speed up the user browsing the Web faster acceleration software. When you do not need a special browser configuration, as long as the Startup Accelerator. When users browse the Web, the accelerator is P2P network to other user requests data, which are accelerated, in particular the access to video sites, flash websites, accelerating effect. Products address: http://im. .qq. .com/webacc/.


8, QQ Pinyin input method is Tencent QQ Pinyin input method developed by ourselves, especially for Internet applications, fast quick input method product. Products Address: http://pinyin. . Qq. . Com /. .

9 QQ, QQ toolbar toolbar is Tencent produced a safe, convenient, lightweight Internet software! it not only can you enjoy the SOSO powerful search capabilities, you can log on QQ numbers to experience the most convenient QQ, more practical Internet tools for selection! products address: http://v3. .toolbar. .soso. .com/.

Features:. .


Many QQ service, one-button direct!.

Shopping space, incoming mail, add bookmarks ... ... more convenient than the panel QQ! . .

The synchronization log on QQ, configuration with roaming!.

QQ number registry, Xpress custom personalized configuration, anywhere can use the same toolbar! . .

Soso Web search features, ease!.

Web Direct, music, pictures, bookmarks, search history ... .... .

10, QQ platform.

11, QQ doctors (QQ QQ doctor is specific to the problem of stolen account password provided by a Daohao Trojan removal utility that will accurately and effectively remove Daohao Trojan scan, which guarantee Daohao QQ account is not stolen by Trojans take. QQ Trojan doctors will be able to use scanning Daohao windows operating system vulnerabilities and provide patches to install, eliminating the hidden dangers Daohao Trojan hacking.). .

12, Tencent TT browser (a multi-page browser with a cordial, friendly user interface, providing a wide range of user-friendly features to surf the Web become easier, save time and effort. ） 。.

13, Tencent TM (for office users instant messaging software, with a variety of specialized functions tailored for office users, allows users to communicate more lively, more outstanding work efficiency.). .

14, Tencent RTX (true enterprise-class instant messaging platform for enterprise professionals, offers a variety of means of communication, improve communication efficiency, savings in communication costs. ), Tencent QQ deficiencies and weaknesses: QQ chat tool 1) still is the Internet's most extensive spreading virus software. 2) as a result of this software system modelled on ICQ ICQ, so the basic idea is not familiar with. After uninstalling QQ, open the registry, residual information more than ICQ spam received, even in the system folder, residual files relative to the software itself is very large. . .

15. .QQ for mac (Tencent QQ for Mac is Tencent grasp the market demand for growing Apple computer users, the introduction of Mac OS X-based instant messaging software. Its concise and useful contact management, mass messaging capabilities, allowing users to communicate with more light. ) 。.

15, QQ live. .

16. .QQ audio-visual QQ music video is made up of Tencent's newest supports any format movies and music files of local players. QQ video first lightweight multi play kernel technology, in-depth and realise a new generation of video mining hardware acceleration capabilities, software pursue smaller, faster, smoother, in the absence of any plug-ins and exclusive advertising space actually has a five-star audio-visual enjoyment! products address: http://player. .qq. .com/.


QQ Mobile QQ Mobile QQ chat software will move to mobile phones, anytime, anywhere for free chat to meet your desires. Introduction of new mobile QQ more audio and video, take pictures, transfer files and other functions, and seamlessly connect the computer terminal! Love music, theater and other mobile phone features, allowing you to chat while playing side, filling the road, every second of free time between classes. .

Phone Tencent QQ is specifically for users of the mobile phone anytime, anywhere with QQ instant messaging software, even if no computer so you can chat with your buddy, voice and video, and pictures; can also download the latest ring tones, picture it! is your journey leisure accessory!.

QQ QQ Mobile Internet with computer, can display all 105 systems QQ head, 96 QQ graphical look makes chat fun. Displays recent contacts, strangers, blacklist. Online add friends, view friends information and QQ show, save your chats. Personalization skin, sound, change the online state, for smart phone also offers the function to transfer files. Even away from home can also chat with friends, video, voice intercom, camera immediately send, browse entertainment information, download cool bell beauties, online audio, enjoy the MV ... ... (depending on phone model functions are different) and computers the QQ as fun.。.

QQ mobile network operators charge only the GPRS traffic fee, Free. .

Official website of http://3g. .qq. .com.

Currently in the market of illegal QQ plug and filled with a lot of QQ on illegal plug and malicious programs, these programs spread the virus outside than there are engaged in a campaign against the destruction of the main QQ, a serious violation of Tencent and QQ users legal rights. .

Common illegal QQ plug.

Underlying his Blueprint version of QQ (QQ direct invasion of the main file "qq.. Exe" illegal procedures). .

QQ (earliest QQ illegal hangs, the person who created the QQ QQ copyright to, related criminal suspects have been punished by law).

Rainbow QQ (a few people think that the so-called "most outstanding" QQ plugin, but the normal QQ users violated the legitimate rights and interests, official website as illegal plug-in). .

Another version of a madman, exterior, but due to the affair of coral QQ cases became weak.

Rainbow qq events recalled Tencent QQ launched a number of external measures to combat bear the brunt of the "show the user IP address", "show the user whether the stealth" and other features of the rainbow version of QQ plug. . Compared to coral QQ, Rainbow Edition, and not Tencent QQ QQ original packaging available for download, but in the form of a separate plug-in, users need to download their own prior original Tencent QQ, which makes the nature of the law is relatively complex . .

Rainbow QQ, Tencent called version is illegal hangs, Tencent QQ call Assistant software provides free "IP, Hin stealth" function is a violation of privacy, but in fact Tencent own over the years the "stealth" and other features the user as its fee-based services (such as QQ clairvoyant "business"). If you believe that Tencent these services belong to the "illegal", why Tencent depends on their own are considered to be "illegal" functionality to the user whether it should be charging? Tencent will adopt a similar function income returned to the majority of users is in fact a disguised form of Tencent? deceive users!.

Plug-in to the interests of many manufacturers creating great against. . Including the State Press and Publication Administration, Ministry of Information Industry and other ministries, including five who had jointly issued "on the launch of the" PW "," plug-in "special notice" special enforcement actions carried out many times. .。.

Some common features of illegal external claims were shown IP, set the camera screen advertising, and the three full lines and the violation of Tencent QQ user's legal rights. One ad features shield the company violated the legitimate rights and interests of Tencent, QQ because only non-member users do not click ads on or off the power of advertising window, did not let the right ad is not displayed directly; and display functions of IP infringement QQ user's privacy; free to set up camera functions QQ users violated the right to know. .

On the QQ plug software seriously affected users the normal use of the statement.

http://im. . Qq. .com/safe/affiche/2008/20081119. . Shtml. .

Huangzuan service.

Free dress: dress up items for free space, all general appointment! Thinking about how to change on how they change! . .

Noble album: 1G large space, VIP upload channel, Flash unique display, extraordinary Honorable experience!.

Personalized picture: Personalized custom avatar privileges, dynamic picture exclusive privileges, you are different! . .

Nutritional value: at the beginning of each month for your gift of nutritional values of 100, huangzuan with flower vine growing faster and easier!.

Huang QQ, highlight the distinguished marks drilling;. .

Enjoy all the special preferential discount offerings, exclusive huangzuan div. items!.

Free use of mini-house for all items, to create entirely warm your house! . .

Free use of ordinary objects pasting.

Red Diamond service. .

Free use of all QQ Show. Wear QQ show no longer need to purchase, store all QQ show you for free!.

Red Diamond has a distinguished sign. When you chat with friends, show your noble status at any time. .

Noble drilling with red. Funky owning class, a noble identity, to enjoy the privilege of!.

Exclusive Automatic Dress. Automatically change your selection of QQ Show, every day, showed off brilliant! . .

Complimentary friends QQ Show. Gift items without buying direct gift!.

First to use the upcoming new. Leading the fashion, always one step ahead than others! . .

Enjoy the following expression. QQ Show, QQ Show and expression, the expression of the same friends to see!.

QQ Show Mall to enjoy the lowest discount the audience to buy goods;. .

QQ is now the latest version: QQ2009.

Tencent QQ, founder / CEO Pony Ma introduced Pony Ma, Shenzhen University in 1992, graduated from computer science, then he, living wage in a number of small companies, most people can only be counted as the edge of Shenzhen, one chance, Mr. Ma contact with ICQ, Israel developed a real-time chat, ICQ Mr. Ma that this thing very well, good to go? . .

Obvious that good to be done between PC to pagers, let alone know which phone is the Regal flags, if you can have a BB machine, Hei Hei, can also be quite wide, to bubble girlfriend sure no problem. Obvious that ICQ can provide instant information on the computer, but it is a very big ones, the Chinese version does not have ICQ, unwieldy.

So, Mr. Ma will stir up a Chinese ICQ, immediately called a few friends set up a company engaged in the one-China modeled ICQ ICQ. .

Of course, in the beginning, Tencent's life very difficult for quite some time, QQ is approximate a contemptible means to steal other people's space and bandwidth, no money to buy a server, but the Chinese version of ICQ OICQ, popular download many of the people in the year 2000, it's winter, OICQ is Tencent's winter, the first Internet bubble swept over the entire Internet, Tencent has to hand let yin.

Tencent senior person approached CDC, Sina. Sell 1 million, however, CDC, Sina's senior management have refused. .

Obvious almost anything, at this time, QQ is not aware of their profit point? register resource,? can apply only to QQ QQ users receive poor little registration fee (one time QQ, application number to charge, is the witness of the most difficult QQ).

This time, the wind throwing money to help investment companies listed in Hong Kong had Tencent, QQ was no cash capital, if we talk about capital, it is that many many of you and me the number as high as 7. .147 Million QQ users. .

QQ after the listing, the obvious personal value is rapidly rising prices, the value of $ 17 million!.

According to reliable sources, Tencent present market value of 3.3 billion U.S. dollars. .

Obvious in imitation of carelessly built a huge Empire, QQ has changed the way people communicate, mobile, phone, EMAIL, and QQ became most Chinese people necessary tool, even, there are many little brother sisters do not have a cell phone, no EMAIL, but we cannot survive without QQ, on which there is a lot about someone, there are a lot of fun in the games------.

Before beginning a period of time, began to take the diversification strategy of Tencent, one of China's fourth-largest portal, has its own paipai. . Com, with QQ Fantasy, QQ Tang. With its own search engine soso. . Com-Tencent not only online, like octopus, as the network expansion, under more and more, online, and Coca-Cola Gaode promotions in full swing is the best proof. .

Obvious don't like putting on a show and QQ's new product is always silent launched boring business.

Though not young, Mr. Ma's network can more than most people age Quefei. Few people know the real Internet, before the widespread network of fans, many multi-line early in Hui fun experience to the network. And Mr. Ma is one of them, early on he was never tired Hui multiple networks, six months volunteered to vote by 5 million in home phone lines out of the 4 and 8 computers, multi-network Shenzhen Hui assume the role of station, every day In the spare time busy. Over time, Shenzhen, "Ma points" in the wisdom gained fame over the Internet, Mr. Ma has some pride. "I will be completely online excitement.". .

Obvious through the network met quite a few friends, for example, NetEase's Ding Lei is his friend. "With beer, we just wage earners, are also not know the future. Ding Lei later success as I bring inspiration, as long as they do, nothing is impossible. ” 。.

In 1993, after graduating from the deep, he entered the Motion company, started a software engineer, specializing in paging software development, and has been done on the development director position, this experience made Mr. Ma has made clear the meaning of software development is practical, rather than the writers of entertain. "A lot of software technical personnel are often very confident of their intelligence, writing software is only a way of mutual rivalry, and I want to write things that have been applied more and more people are willing to market the technology to play a small role. ". .

Practical software concepts not only cultivate Ma Huateng keen sense of software market and profit from it. "We must believe in yourself and write things you can sell. "Ma Huateng is blockbuster unit PA, one of the authors of the card, he and a friend jointly developed by the unit PA has been sold in SEG's good. Ma Huateng has also kept as friend company solve software problems. This made him not only in the circle of famous, but also have considerable primitive accumulation.

Mr. Ma has a calm and patient, into the stock market in 1994, Mr. Ma Scoop 10 million yuan to 100,000 yuan, the foundation for independent entrepreneurs. .

October 30, 2008 release of the Forbes 400 list China's top ten ranked ninth. Regal msn 。.


Msn Logo. .

Introduction of the full name of the MICROSOFT MSN SERVICE NETWORK Microsoft network services.


MSN Messenger's latest version is Windows Live Messenger 9. .0. .

MSN 9 is an Internet software, it is based on the Microsoft advanced techniques that can make you and your family more effective use of the Web. MSN 9 is an excellent communication tool that allows Internet browsing more convenient, and through some advanced features enhanced online security. These advanced features including parental control, browse the Web, spam protection, and other customization.

"MSN Messenger" is a very vague term, because Microsoft uses the term relations of several different parts of the messaging solution. . You through the "MSN Messenger Internet" chat, MSN Messenger network is used to connect the most popular program is "MSN Messenger", the program MSN Messenger network, the language used is "MSN Messenger protocol." .

What is the MSN Messenger network, MSN Messenger is an instant messaging from Microsoft tools, and qq is a category of tools. It was released in July 1999, MSN is the 4 major top-level personal instant messaging tool. To March 2003, the exclusive Instant Messenger MSN network users far less AOL Instant Messenger and ICQ, but more of Yahoo Messenger.

MSN Messenger program on the network do? Program on your computer called "client." It is through the Internet to connect to MSN Messenger server. Specific point of speaking, the client through the server and other clients send and receive messages. Some information does not address, just a simple pass through the server. For example, when sending a real message, the command "here is a message, pass it on" is the server address, but the message itself is passed only through the server to the client. .


Microsoft has released two MSN Messenger client: MSN Messenger (also called ".NET Messenger.), and Windows Messenger. Microsoft Windows to the majority of users are recommended to use MSN Messenger, including Windows XP, and Windows Messenger is bound in the operating system. Other people and companies have written the "third party" MSN Messenger client. You can see the resources page lists some of the client. . .

Microsoft has never publicly released their Messenger server-side, and the official client does not allow you to connect to non-Microsoft server side. At present, some people have written a third-party server-side, these can be found in the resources page.

Communication between two computer programs in use "language" called the "Agreement." MSN Messenger client and server-side rules between the message called "MSN Messenger protocol." From a client through the server to send messages to another client of the rules in here is called "MSN client protocol." .

What is MSN Messenger MSN Messenger protocol is a client-side and server-side command sent. For example, when you contact list of people who are offline, the server sends your client sends a message like this: FLN myname_123 @ hotmail. .com. When receiving this command, the client should make this user from the list of online users moved to offline users list.

MSN Messenger protocol in recent years has undergone several revisions. When drafting the agreement (October 2003), Microsoft's server allows the client to use version of the protocol 8,9 and 10. Individual agreements Science often is "MSNP8", "MSNP9" and "MSNP10" written. .

This site is designed to complete definition Messenger MSN MSN Messenger protocol and server-side feature, allowing third-party software developers can write their own programs and network interactions. So far only been documented MSNP8, there are some topics you can get the MSNP9 and MSNP10.

Information on the agreement by reading the official IETF draft, read all the source code, analyze the data packets of the official client, written procedures. Most of this work by other research groups to complete a number of MSN Messenger, and we just record it. If you find something new on the agreement, set it on the forum. .

What is MSN client protocols? MSN client agreement by the client to send messages. For example, when you asked your friends say "hello", your client hello message to send as the body of their clients.

Until recently, MSN client protocol to develop more organized - a version of the official client and other clients have different performance, you can only guess what it will be the characteristics of who is expected behavior (not sentence turned out). Recently, attempts have been developed to impose a version numbering system. Up to October 2003, has been found to have three versions of the MSN Messenger client protocol, the site is called "MSNC0", "MSNC1", "MSNC2". .

This site is intended to define the MSN Messenger protocol complete and official client feature lets third-party software developers can write their own programs and network interactions. We hope that eventually a complete definition of all versions of the agreement. This site just define the official client behavior to it informs us about how other clients predictable behavior (it turned out). The author of this site does not use the official client, so the body will not have a fair judgement. Other site is a great way to cover this subject.

About all this, how Microsoft is thinking? We have nothing to do with Microsoft, only a very limited exchange. We know that at least some of Microsoft's employees and the community in general aware of this site, but the company's policy looks like in ignoring. Microsoft is not any third-party clients to remove from their network of formal attempt, but they never attempted to communicate with us or give us about the future. They have been very good at accepting security risks of error reporting. .

With AOL (AIM and ICQ owner) compared to Microsoft's agreement to a third party developer is a very good job. This probably does not reflect any charitable part: third-party client to Microsoft network users increases, and (like AOL) we are not a direct threat to their income.

The following will give you brief us on how to install and use msn. .

Download and install the downloaded install there are two ways, one is to download the entire program, download an Installer. Click to .cn .live http://im.../get .aspx "Download now" button you can get the latest version of MSN Messenger. When you open or save to your computer when you are prompted, click Open, you can automatically download the MSN Messenger. . .

Registration login if you already have a Hotmail or MSN e-mail account, you can directly open msn, click on "login" button, enter your e-mail address and password to login. If you do not have this type of account, please go to https://reg. .msn. request a .cn/Hotmail e-mail account.

Add a new contact. .

In the Messenger main window, click the "I want to" "Add contact". Or, click the "contacts" menu, and then click "Add contact". Select "by entering your email address or login name, create a new contact", the next step after you enter your full e-mail address of each other, point "OK" and then "Finish", you have successfully entered a contact, the contact MSN Internet access login, you will receive an error message after you join him, if he chooses to agree, his online you will be able to see him and he can see you. Repeat the steps above, you can enter multiple contacts.

Managing Your Group Messenger main window, click the "Contacts" menu, point to "sort of the contacts", then click "Group", will organize contacts into different groups. In the contact list of the "group" view, right-click the name of an existing group, or click the "Contacts" menu, point to "management group", you can create, rename or delete the group to facilitate your search. .

Send an instant message to your contact list, double-click an online contact's name in the "dialogue" with a small box at the bottom of the window, type your message, click the "send". In the "dialogue" at the bottom of the window, you can see the other person is typing. When no one entered a message, you can see the last message received date and time. Every instant message length up to 400 characters (Note: older MSN may be less than 400 characters).

Save dialog (This feature requires IE6. .0 Or higher) in the main window's "Tools" menu or "dialogue" window, click the "Options" and select "News" tab. In the "Message Logging", select "Automatically keep a history of dialogue" check box, click "OK", you can save your message in the default folder location. Or click the "Change" and then select the location to save the message. .

Change and share background in "dialogue" window the "Tools" menu, click "create background." Optional: use of a site of your own pictures to create a background. Click "Browse" on your computer select a picture, and then click "open". From the list, select a picture, and then click OK. If you want to download more background, please go to the Messenger background sites. Shared background, your friend will receive an invitation to share with you a thumbnail preview of the background. If your friend accepts the invitation, the Messenger will automatically download the background and displays it in your friend's "conversations" window.

Add, delete or modify custom emoticons in the "dialogue" window "Tools" menu, click "Create Emoticons" you can add, delete or modify custom emoticons. Or select your "dialogue" window on the "select emoticons" button. .

Change or hide display pictures in the "dialogue" window the "Tools" menu, click the "change display picture". Or click on the "dialog" picture of the arrow and select the "change display picture". From the list, select a picture, and then click OK. Or click "Browse" on your computer, select a picture, and then click "open".

On-line state in the Messenger main window at the top, click your name, then click the status that best describes your options. Or click "File" menu, point to "My Status" and then click the status that best describes your options. .

Blocking someone saw you or contact you in the Messenger main window, right-click the name of the person to stop, and then click the "block". Blocked contacts does not know that they have been blocked. For them, you are simply displayed as offline.

Change your name is displayed in the main window of the "Tools" menu, click "Options", then select "Personal Information" tab. In the Messenger main window or right-click your name, then click "Personal Settings." In the "My Display Name" box, type your new name, click "OK." .

Use your webcam for a dialogue to MSN Messenger to send webcam video, you must have a computer connected to the camera. During the dialogue, click the "webcam" icon. Or, in the main window, click "actions" menu, click "start webcam conversation", select the video you want to send the contact's name, and then click OK. To make a two-way dialogue, webcams two participants must have a webcam is installed and must be invited to each other.

Voice Dialogue in the Messenger main window you can start or during the dialogue audio dialogue to add audio. In the Messenger main window, click the "Actions" menu, click "Start audio dialogue", and then select the contact with the dialogue. Or, during the dialogue, click the "dialogue" top of the window "audio." Use "dialogue" window to the right of the slider to adjust the volume control the volume through the microphone input and the output from the speaker volume. .

Video conferencing in the main window of the "actions" menu, click "start video conference," select a contact, and then click OK. Alternatively, right-click a contact, click the "start a video conference," and select the file that you want to invite to the person's name, and then click OK. Once you have accepted the invitation of other people, on their computers to automatically start audio and video, but the parties must have installed a webcam and headset (or speakers and microphone).

Send files and photos in the Messenger main window, right-click an online contact's name, then click "send files or photos." In the "Send File" dialog box, locate and click the file you want to send, then click "Open." .

Create/join the group Windows Live groups is a perfect place for communication, in addition to the group chat Messenger (maximum 20 people) on the website of the group, you can also share photo albums, file, or a similar message board discussions. Through shared calendar at any time and at any time and updated source qunyou remain synchronized. And creates a group is a fairly simple thing, just from your Windows Live Contacts list to select the invite others to join.

MSN Mobile phone MSN, you can immediately enjoy the Live free service, providing not only instant messaging service, also provides you with hotmail, Spaces, information portals and a series of exciting Internet services. Even the latest version of MSN Mobile PC features full synchronization support of the local search, sync your life anytime, anywhere! Modules download address is: http://mobile. . Msn. . Com. .cn / Download. . Aspx. .

It has some characteristics:.

Personality picture. .

= > Cell phones can also be cool to play with personality, fully synchronized PC messenger avatar can take photographs adopted mobile is set to a custom avatar, anytime, anywhere, show your style.

File transfer. .

= > Support phone various types of file transfer, shared mobile resources. Optimized picture transmission, recording, transmission capabilities let you and your buddy communication more interesting, a shared moment.

Friends group + search. .

> Comprehensive synchronization PC = messenger functionality, support groups, as well as find buddy buddy, Internet and mobile phones the seamless integration of new experience make communication easy and effective.

MSN Mobile portal. .

= > Mailbox, space, information, book, game ... online life passes, enjoy a one-stop service to bring the convenience and quality, to be a fashion tide people!.

Optimization of the mobile phone group functions. .

= > Msn self-built via mobile phones, PCs and personal cell phone perfect interoperability allows you to really form a circle, create your own personal social network.

China and msn msn small files [1] MSN China. .

In May 2005, Microsoft announced and Shanghai and investment co., Ltd. jointly established a joint venture, which will be officially into China, MSN and enables portal site with instant messaging tool for seamless integration. Through the MSN Messenger IM label service, users can easily enter the MSN Communities, shopping, theme, automobile and other channels, to enjoy the wonderful online after consolidation. The newly established joint venture — — Shanghai Meisien network communication technology co., Ltd — — will continue providing inclusive leading fashion technology and personalized applications in one of the products and services, allowing users to experience the wonderful new life in the 21st century.

MSN vision. .

MSN is committed to discovering the potential of users to help them and care about people and information connected — no matter is based on a cell phone, PDA and other mobile terminal, or use the Media Center PC, home information appliances, and other users can freely travel in network world, and enjoy 24/7, a full range of interaction and communication.

MSN small archives. .

In 1995, the MSN network launched in the United States.

In 1997, MSN acquisition of Hotmail. .

In 1999, to launch MSN Messenger MSN.

In 2001, MSN Messenger active users reached 29.5 million, MSN Hotmail more than 100 million active users. .

In 2003, the MSN Messenger service monthly active users count reached 1 billion.

In 2004, MSN announced the launch of MSN Spaces beta version. .

In 2005, Microsoft announced the launch of Windows Live, the new service will include Windows Live Mail, Windows Live Messenger, etc..

msn alternative tool 1. . Chinese robots portal: Add: i @ xiaoi. . Com for the Contact enjoy "small i machine" human services, more can log http://xiaoi. . Com find more robots. .

2. MSN plugin: pop the most widely used MSN plugin has two MSNShell, MSN Live partner, MsgPlus. MSN Money Shell is a MSN plugin written in Chinese, has many convenient features for Chinese users, their official website at http://www. .msnshell. .cn/. MsgPlus Live is a very popular abroad MSN plugin, its characteristics are able to support such a user, use the JScript scripting language, write your own function plug-ins, and more about this plug-in can http://www. devmsn. . Com website to find. .

3. very interesting MSN Chat robot "Angelica".

Robot is a small cloth chat robot based on MSN, and we can carry out some simple dialogue, but also to small cloth consulting news, weather, ID, phone area code and zip code, major city bus lines, Today , IP location, phone number location, Chinese characters are phonetic. With the robot secretary, wrote at a number of useful information can be obtained, which greatly facilitated our study and work. .

Specific: you can add one of these friends.

MrRobot001 @ hotmail. . Com ~ MrRobot011 @ hotmail. . Com. .

They are automatic answer enquiries Assistant robot, daily, what features you need, ask him for help. The format of the George w. consulting are: "consulting project: keywords with the word" project: news, weather, id, city, bus, Today, IP, mobile and py (pinyin).

For example: enter "weather: Shanghai," Shanghai's weather can be found. .

Enter "news: international", George w. reply five message, each message with a link to the international press.

Enter "song: Jay Chou" Jay can be found on the relevant link to the song Love. .

4.msn SMS robot.

Currently the first robot msn messaging, and now the charges are reasonably cheap, not only have a free 5 day text messages, and send a text message every 1 minute of integration can be obtained, nor receive any monthly fees. There are handy address book function, do not enter the phone number each time. Each charge beyond a hair, and the general message the same charges. .

5. domain name whois query robots.

Domain name whois query robot whois @ hyson. . Org domain names can search for relevant information. .

Specific: you can put the following address for msn friends, talk to him to understand the method of use.

msn robot (choose one):. .

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. .


6, MSN marketing King.

MSN protocol is a smart marketing based service system, which built the search engine technology to automatically search for MSN accounts, automatically add a friend, automatically publish information bulletins, automatically provide Business, automatic connection manual customer service is the enterprise business promotion, customer service, a good helper. .

Its main characteristics.

1, to overcome the limit on the number of ordinary MSN friends to support more than 100,000 friends. .

2. intelligent capture MSN accounts rapidly expand the number of friends.

3, signature marketing, information bulletins, self-service, quick to promote business, enhance the corporate brand. .

4, a number of utilities to allow the system immediately into the application stage.

5, open service interface, extending new features easier. .

6. easy installation, easy to learn and use, low maintenance costs.

Specific details of the jetmsn000 @ hotmail. . Com exchange. .

Welcome to AC http://www. .onesem. .cn/service/jetmsn. .htm.

MSN Error Code Complete, 80004005. .

This is a generic error code, which means, "I know the error, but I don't know what is wrong."

The first step, we can try to re-register the required dll files MSN to solve this problem, you can download and run. .

The second step, if you used the above method is not enough, just reinstall the MSN Messenger.

The third step, if still does not work, then reinstall IE. .

80040111.

This error can also appear in the windows media player, but also, the same solution. This problem is usually due to MSN Messenger can not find the required DLL files, which DLL files 在 windows registry may be the lost or 错误. This problem can still be used to solve the above that the batch file. Click here to download this file. .

80048439.

This problem is usually caused due to MSN server, open this page http://messenger. . Msn. .com / Status. . Aspx. .

If prompted with an error, then only wait, wait until the MSN server recovery.

80048820. .

Cause this problem there are several reasons for this:.

1, MSN server error, or the like, as above, to open this page http://messenger. . Msn. .com / Status. . Aspx, see the server is working. .

2. your computer's time error. Double-click the time in the lower-right corner of the screen, adjust your computer time.

3, if the re-adjustment of time, the error persists, then run the batch file. .

4. If you have a computer with Norton Internet Security software, can also cause this problem, it is best to get it uninstalled it too hard for the network rules, often caused by a variety of network problems.

5, Norton Internet Security uninstall if you still can not solve the problem, then re-install IE. .

8004882a 。.

This problem is caused because MSN server, open this page http://messenger. . Msn. .com / Status. . Aspx, see the server is working. .

80048848.

In general, the emergence of this problem is because of your Internet connection error. .

If the network connection is working properly, check your firewall, turn off the firewall, see if you can solve the problem.

80048869. .

This problem is usually due to your IE browser offline. Quit MSN Messenger, IE, open the file-browsing offline..

80070190,80070193,800701 f7. .

These problems are often caused by the proxy server settings problem.

First, determine what http://messenger. . Msn. .com / Status. . Aspx this page to see MSN server is working. .

If MSN server properly, you will need to determine if your proxy server.

Open the MSN Messenger Tools - Options - Connection - Advanced Settings, look here to set conditions, addition, IE browser options - connections - the proxy server settings should be checked. .

80072745、8007274c 。.

Talia together to go a bit inappropriate, but this issue 80,072,745 no clear explanation, these two issues, usually due to server connection timeout, MSN server, or your server side errors are possible. .

Check the MSN server correctly, to http://messenger. .msn. .com/.aspx. Status.

8007274d. .

This problem is due to your access to the server rejected the solution ibid..

8007277b. .

This problem is usually due to Internet content filtering software to block port 1863, etc..

If you do not install this software, check the MSN Messenger Tools - Options - Connection - Advanced Settings, look here to set conditions. .

80072ee6 。.

This problem is usually unable to find msxml3. . Dll files caused, first of all, run the batch file Click to download this file. .

Then, in the start-run bar enter regsvr32 msxml3. .dll and. ..

80072ee7. .

This is a very common problem, summary, causing this issue for three reasons.

1, network connection error, so, first of all ensure that the correct Internet connection. .

2. firewall issues. Turn off the firewall to see if access properly.

3, the proxy server settings issue. In accordance with the method above have said, check the proxy server settings are correct. .

80072efd 。.

Specialist posts have said before, if you want something simple, in the inspection firewall and proxy, you can click to download this file to run this batch file, and re-install IE. .

80072eff 。.

This problem is usually caused by the proxy server settings, according to the methods above have said check the proxy server. If you are using a proxy server, also check your IP and MAC address is received by the proxy server, and the user name and password are correct. .

If possible, you can also try a proxy server, the server directly connected to MSN.

80072f0d. .

This problem is usually due to the Security section of the MSN Messenger is not working correctly.

1, at the beginning - running column enter regsvr32 softpub. . Dll initpki. . Dll and identify. .

2. If the above solution does not solve the problem, you can close MSN Messenger, and then use IE browser to open www. .passport. .net, click on login, you will find a certificate window, accept the certification, and rerun the MSN Messenger.

3, if still does not work, open the IE browser, internet options - advanced, see SSL 2. .0 And SSL 3. .0 It are selected. .

80072f19 。.

This problem, you can try the internet options - advanced in security projects, the abolition of checks server certificate revocation (requires restart). .

80072f78 。.

This problem is caused because the server does not respond, of course, it may be caused because the MSN server, but more is because the proxy server settings, or because of spyware spyware spyware server through a link to change your route due. If your proxy server settings are correct, you need to check if any spy software. .

80090305.

This is an unusual problem, the problem is no clear solution, you can try reinstalling IE. .

800b0001 。.

This is because the windows can not find the required DLL files MSN arise, you can click to download this file to run this batch file to fix it. .

81000301.

First check the status of MSN servers, if normal, try the following, note that this will delete your MSN Messenger's 自定义表情 and pictures. .

In windows 2000, xp and 2003, the start-run column type%appdata%\microsoft and identified, and delete MSN Messenger folder.

In windows 98 or me, the start - run bar enter% windir% \ Application Data \ Microsoft and to identify, delete the MSN Messenger folder. .

81000303.

This problem is usually due to your messenger's user name and password error caused. .

You can try in hotmail and .net passport., if site login does not work, it may be your password is stolen.

If you can log in the above two sites, then the problem may be caused by your MSN Messenger, you can start - run the bar imported regsvr32 softpub. . Dll and identify. .

If you have not yet resolved, then check the Internet Options-Advanced, see SSL and SSL 2. .0 .0 are 3..

If does not work, try re-installing MSN Messenger, still does not work? Reinstall windows it. -__-!!!. .

81000306.

1, check the MSN server is normal, http://messenger. . Msn. .com / Status. . Aspx. .

2. check the firewall.

3, if you use the school or company network, ask the network, is not allowed to use MSN Messenger. .

4. check the proxy server, or to cancel the proxy server.

5, check the IE security settings, check the Internet Options - Advanced, see SSL 2. .0 And SSL 3. .0 It are selected. .

81000314.

1, check the MSN server is working. .

2. If the MSN server correctly, then start-run column enter regsvr32 softpub .dll and.. '.

81000359. .

This is the server's authentication problems, we couldn't go to the Microsoft appeals. http: //support。.msn。.com/eform。.aspx?PRoductKey=messenger&page=support_home_options_form_byemail&ct=eformts 。.

81000362. .

This is due to your IE browser offline. Quit MSN Messenger, IE, open the file-browsing offline..

81000364. .

If you have this code, please let me know:-).

81000370. .

This problem is due to the MSN Messenger security section of the work caused by incorrectly.

1, close MSN Messenger, and then use IE browser to www. . Passport. . Net, click on login, will be out of a certification window, accept the certification, and re-run the MSN Messenger. .

2. If you can't do it, open the IE browser internet Options-Advanced, see SSL and SSL 2. .0 .0 are 3..

3, run the batch file Click to download this file. .

81000377, 81000378.

This is the MSN server problem, so it is to restore it. .

81000388.

If you encounter this code, please let me know. :-). .

8100038d 。.

Password has invalid characters. .

81000394.

Login password is empty, please fill in password. .

81000395.

MSN Messenger server problems, waiting for the restoration of it. .

Remove msn advertising methods [2] software removal.

msn has a lot of plug-in software which is usually the function optimization msn, and many also offer a special option to advertising. Similar msnshell. If you do not like to install this software, you can use some WLM2009 Kill. . AD under the plug to the ad optimization, in addition to remove the ad the other without any function. .

Modify the msn file to advertising (suitable for 8. .0-8.9. .5 use .0 without test).

In the C: \ Program Files \ MSN Messenger found the following msgsres. . Dll files. .

Use ResHacker or Restorator open.

Open No. 4004-920 resources, find inside id = atom (adbannergutter). .

Its previous layoutpos = bottom to layoutpos = none.

(Chat dialog box to remove ads). .

Open the 4004-923, resources, look inside the Atom ID = (SSConstrainer).

Its previous layoutpos = top to layoutpos = none. .

(Removal of main panel ads).

Can save resources. .

Remove search bar at the bottom of the interface.

Find resources to open No. 4004-923 "idSearchContainer". .

The top of the bottom "layoutpos =" converted to "none" layoutpos =.

By the way, remove the shared folder method:. .

Open Windows "run" dialog box, enter.

regsvr32-u "C: \ Program Files \ MSN Messenger \ fsshext.. dll". .

A carriage return.

The corporate brand in the World Brand Lab (World Brand Lab) 2006 compiled by the "World Top 500 Brands" list ranked 90th. .

Other meanings 1: msn busy Chinese pinyin what the first three letters.

Other meanings 2: msn is the United States or the United States girls referred to juvenile. .

3 other meanings: msn also touch you or us-short for you.

Other meanings 4: MSN is also a network topology: that is, short for Manhattan Street Networks. Now, on some water so the software as normal, then please tell me, in the end what is software, what is the software industry? I know that this silly, not silly in general. Which is now a journalist can not write much sought-after software articles, which a company will not do 10-speed growth in the software business, it is not an official talks Looking at the world's software strategy. .

However, I would like to ask everyone to please you and simple tell exactly what software? what is the software invention? how many years of development history and developed many kinds of software?? how components of the software industry? ".

Now is the time when the software company's most heroic, made 3-5 years become the "largest" in no fewer than a dozen software companies, including those who are now just beginning, and even film companies have not. Made a few years to achieve "people" size software company is 10 fingers row of them. Our commitment is impressive. .

Simply, these simple questions I wheel directly to ask these software "Giants". . I know that these are pediatric common sense to understand this course may not be able to run your software company can become a prospect of unlimited software company CEOs. But we still believe that dramatic changes in the software industry, a history of even the basic of the software industry and global market conditions and background who do not know how to run businesses? . .

Very disappointed that no one can give me more ready answer, I had to go see their own efforts, to think, to explore. The following answer to the question I am also talked, of course, there is not satisfactory. Of course, I was forgiven, because I am a layman of the software industry. But I'm wondering is, those who eat more soft rice (sorry, not a software, but because of the ambiguity of misunderstandings), they cried everyday is software, called a software, awake is software, or software. Do they also always like me zhuanghutu?.

First, in the end what is called software. .

Now software is a box to whatever you want to install. However, we will repeat some basics.

The term software was first used in 1959, while the software industry began in 1949. Early development, the early completion of the development of almost all in the United States. McKinsey cited classification, so far, software has undergone more complete 5 generations. Are the following five levels:. .

1, the first generation: early professional services company, 1949-1959.

The first independent software vendors is to develop customized solutions for our customers professional software services company. In the U.S., the development of several large software projects by advancing these projects by the U.S. government came forward first, and later subscribed by several large U.S. companies. The giant project for the first independent U.S. software companies provide important learning opportunities, and to the United States early in the software industry has become the protagonist. For example: the development in 1949 and 1962 between the SAGE system was the first significant computer project.。.

2, the second generation: The early software product company ,1959-1969. .

In the first independent software service company was founded 10 years later, the first software product. They were developed specifically for repeat sales to more than one customer. A new kind of software company was born, this is a requirement of different management technology company. The first real software product was born in 1964, the acceptance by the ADR company commissioned the development of a RCA can a program image represents the logical device. flowchart.

During this period, software developers set up the foundation still exists today. They include the basic concept of a software product: its price; its maintenance; and its means of legal protection. Furthermore, they confirmed the software project and software product companies are two different industries. .

3, the third generation: the powerful enterprise solution provider, 1969-1981.

In the second generation of the late period of years, a growing number of independent software companies first emerged, companies of all sizes to provide a new product - can be seen that they go beyond the hardware manufacturers to provide products. Ultimately, customers outside the company started from the hardware vendor of the software where to find their source and their pay. The early 70's database market is most active, one of the reasons is the emergence of an independent database company. Database system is technically very complex, and almost all sectors need it. But by the computer manufacturer's system is considered inadequate, the independent provider invaded the market, making it the 70's most active markets in the world. .

Europe also entered the market. 1969 in Frankfurt, Germany, South of a medium-sized cities Daems of Institute for applied information processing 6 members, founded a Software AG, and in 1972 it entered the US market, and shortly thereafter, the worldwide sales of its flagship product. Other in this market plays an important role in companies with Cincom systems, Inc. (1968) computer joint (CA) Ltd. (1976) and Sybase (1984).

In the 80's and 90's, many enterprise solutions provider, from large computers such as the proprietary operating system platforms to Unix (1973), IBM OS / 2 and Microsoft NT and other new platforms. This change is to make these companies from using their own software to win all of the violence. .

4 fourth generation: mass market software, 1981-1994.

The emergence of personal computers created a new software: PC-based mass-market software packages. Similarly, the emergence of such a market, affecting the previous way of marketing and sales. The first "personal" computers, born in the United States in 1975, the MITS Altair 8800, Apple II as well in 1977 of the computer market, but the two platforms can not be a permanent standard personal computer platform. Until 1981, IBM introduced the IBM PC, a new software era has begun. .

The software is truly independent of the birth of the software industry, is also a contraction-overlay packaged software introduced beginning. Microsoft is the era of the most successful and influential representatives of software companies. The success of other representatives of the company have some is Adobe, Autodesk, Corel, Intuit, and Novell.

In short, people see the software industry in the 20th century to 80 years of exciting growth and development, 20% a year. U.S. companies in 1982 annual revenues to grow to 10 billion U.S. dollars, in 1985, compared with 25 billion U.S. dollars - higher than the 1979 figures 10 times. .

5, the fifth generation: Internet value-added services 1994-2008.

Because Internet intervention, creating a whole new era. While most software companies will further a number of different standards and platforms facing the challenge of coexistence, the software industry may be subject to the new business opportunities and focus on the World Wide Web is strongly influenced trends. At the same time, to point out that the miracle of the Internet is not just the software industry, communications, media and ultimately the consumer electronics industry will also deeply involved, this has brought the industry a new dimension, and may cause the software industry and other sectors concentration. .

According to the data display: the world of the it industry's CAGR in 1984 to 2004 to 12%, including hardware from 84 years accounted for 67 percent of the IT industry, IT industry in 1989 accounted for 64% of the 1994 proportion to 55 per cent in 1999, the proportion of 43%, year on year decrease of a trend display hardware market share is reduced, the hardware of the year compound annual growth rate of 9%, and IT services of the 1984 accounting for the proportion of the IT industry, only 24%, and in 1994, 1999, but the growth of 29% and 39% CAGR reached 15%, is an upward trend. . .

According to IDC other information statistics, 2001, the global software market size has reached the 2070 billion, up 18% increase in 2000. And IDC predicted that this year's IT market recovery will occur, than last year will grow 5. .5%, of which software market will reach 11% growth rate, sales amount to approximately US $ 2025, 2001, the growth rate of 2 times.

In the United States in the proportion of the total global software unit of 100 million U.S. dollars. .

In countries in the world of software as a proportion of the total units billion dollars.

China. .

United States..

Ireland. .

Israel..

1999. .

53. .2.

2200. .

84.

67. .5. .

Share%.

1. .0. .

42. .0.

1. .6. .

1. .3.

2000. .

71. .7.

2400. .

89.

88. .5. .

Share%.

1. .2. .

40. .2.

1. .5. .

1. .48.

Chart 1-3 United States and other countries of the software copies. .

According to software magazine's latest data, the 2002 global software and services revenue for the first 15 strong ranking: IBM (478. .95 billion), MS (246. .66), EDS (215. .43 billion), Accenture (133. .48 billion), Oracle (108. .597 billion), CSC (105. .24 million), Compaq (77. .467 billion) and PwCC (74. .81 billion), CapGEY (74. .54 billion), NTT (64. $ .60), SAP (64. 5.4 billion U.S. dollars), Unisys (60. .18 Billion dollars), NEC (58. .92 Billion U.S. dollars), CA (41. .90 Billion U.S. dollars), Sun (40. .15 Billion). .

2. What is the software industry.

In fact, the software industry is not a new concept, nor is it a new industry, already a relatively mature industry. Throughout the 90's, the software is always the first big venture, until the rise of the Internet, it disturbed the software industry's top spot. Software industry already created a large number of entrenched, even monopolistic giant, such as SAP, Oracle, CA and other companies have more than 10 billion more than the size, Microsoft has even reached 30 billion U.S. dollars of the scale, IBM's software business is huge.。.

This is because the people at home Generally, when talking about software, software is a system of the cage and the concept simply does not reflect the software industry itself is rich and complex meaning. Strategic level in business development, and software is a conceptual, very few companies actually put their own software strategy development in several decades of history and under the internal law. Even in the national strategy, the software is gruel, did not look at the latest situation in today's global software industry and the future trend, there are choices to guide the direction and focus. .

Internet Labs so profound, clearly identify the real software industry, for the entire industry history, current situation and changes for long-term in-depth research and discussion, summary of a number of valuable conclusions. Recently, we have a new pattern for the software industry with comprehensive anatomical, through a most intuitive charts, you can make it to the software industry at a glance. Our strategy and tactics overview, you can easily grasp after globally.

Software industry has been classified confusion, combined with the Internet Lab software product features, technical characteristics, market characteristics and historical development of properties, synthesized in the above table. The whole software is divided into four categories:. .

1. hardware + embedded application software.

2, general-purpose hardware + operating system + application software. .

3. hardware + OS + basic parts + general-purpose industrial application software.

4 pieces of hardware + operating system + based + business + basic pieces of complex industry applications. .

In four categories, basically, summarizes the initial stage of evolution of the software industry is to the advanced stage of the process and history. Furthermore, it must be noted that each of the advanced stage, and not simply replace the low-level rather various phases coexist and they all in rapid development. Therefore, this map also represents at present (including the not-too-distant future) software in its entirety.

From the first to the fourth class of applications, there is a clear pattern that:. .

Software integration, application complexity increases.

Increase value-added space, personalized enhancement;. .

Development of sunk costs, increasing competition barriers;.

The level of organic information increased, the value generated by increased application. .

Of course, from another angle, versatility, the number of users, reduce the number of competitors.

First, we have to understand why the software industry is the evolution of such a hierarchical, each category and level the grounds and there what is the value? In the above chart, and we have divided the seven kinds of product categories, the value of their existence are:. .

Operating system: in order to 1, and the growing diversity of hardware implementation of "dialogue".

2 basic parts: the operating system to more diverse and "dialogue." .

3. business basic parts: a point of order in connection with the growing diversity of "dialogue".

4 Embedded applications: direct and hardware "dialogue." .

5, general-purpose application software: you can embody the cost-effective and direct "dialogue," the operating system.

6, general-purpose application software industry: cost-effective embodiment, the first and basic pieces of direct "dialogue." .

7, complex industry application software: cost-efficient, and first and business infrastructure direct "dialogue".

Software in seven categories, each category have different opportunities and fate. For example to WPS, antivirus software applications composed of general-purpose software, is the most exciting part of the market, but also some of the most dead end. Recent anti-virus software is a typical example of World War II. The fate of anti-virus software is the common fate. "Piracy" problem is the industrial age model of unity between form and content of copyright products, the operation can only be perfect. Internet Age, separation of form and content of copyright products, system cost is high, technological progress can not be stopped, it will be so many conflicts. General Software's future is bound to polarization: a pole to service a pole to share the software.。 Microsoft is aware of this trend, so desperate in transition, or alley. However, fast, and will have 4-5 years time to breathe. United States generic software markets should be able to maintain it for a long time because their legal system, the standard of living is high, the concept of consciousness matured, but in developing countries, it is not possible to establish such a strict legal system, even if the building is not so expensive but may incur income very limited institutional costs and implementing cost, this money should make more valuable things more rewarding. The best we can do to combat piracy, factories and distributors. . Therefore, developing countries, the traditional mode of general software will first come to an end. Who you are born in this land, long in the land, but also wanted to do was make money in this land? Of course, the United States can not be too durable. .

Of course, the software industry and emerging opportunities. We first take a look at four major categories in the longitudinal direction, with a view to developing the most complex of the fourth class, for example, it is intended for large companies and institutions subordinate to large and complex application form:.

1, the operating system: in such complex applications, involving hardware, including mainframes, minicomputers, server, PC, notebook computers, PDAs and even a number of embedded chips, each type of hardware may have different periods, different brand , different suppliers of products and operations necessary to make the hardware requires a different operating system. .

2. infrastructure: application software directly with many operating systems, "direct" dialogue obviously is not realistic, the emergence of the infrastructure is designed to address the Windows, Linux, Unix, and other various traditional system friendly unified dialogue, significantly reduce application development efficiency, cost and time.

3, based on pieces of business: The industry in general applications, on the basis of pieces of application development or subordinate, is already sufficient. But in more complex, more extensive Di Ying Yong, the we must recognize Huan Dao, Ji Chu Jianlingyuye from Butong of Chang Shang, based on the platform and they are the super-giant Ye Jie, each other so that, Hubujianrong. Diverse customer base to pieces with the "dialogue", the business has emerged basic parts. .

4. complex industry application software: cost-efficient, and first and business infrastructure direct "dialogue".

Be pointed out that no business can be the basis of documents, and direct the basic parts, or even directly in the operating system open, complex application software, which is present, many enterprises and organizations are doing. However, this idea will greatly enhance the open cost, extended development time. The pieces have a business foundation, not only can greatly reduce costs, and greatly increased the future based on current river conditions, the operating system and hardware flexibility and economy of subordinates. According to a basic piece of Justep development business real case company analysis found that the use of basic pieces of business, the customer's development costs and development time can be reduced about 70%, very significant economic benefits. .

To discrimination and the judgment of the software development patterns and trends, understand industry "fusion" is the key. In fact, the "digital convergence" concept has prevailed for more than 10 years. However, only the Internet-based, a real large-scale fusion becomes possible. In the picture is not clear, judge the future industry leaders assume that the future of the Internet is the social heart of the information infrastructure will be computing, communications, entertainment, new media and e-business applications such as the common platform.

Based on this forecast, the global leader in IT have the main criteria from the platform, authentication, infrastructure, or access devices and other aspects of the "monolithic" impact, led to the birth of the foundation pieces. Which was called "business" basis of word parts, then taking advantage of the padding, focus on the major trend of the "small universe" individual, personalized management for enterprises to achieve the final one kilometer paved road construction. If the dream of "integration" is the thing about the future development of the first push for and promote the basic parts of the birth, then the basic pieces of business that is hanging the dream on the golden apples, and only people who can see the back.。.

However, the current noise of the domestic software industry straight, but the number of enterprises to the industry a real perspective of fundamental change? A basic pattern and trend of even the industry can not grasp the software business, its future can people have confidence in it? . .

3. which data should believe.

Now, There's nothing more than the software industry, data rich, more wonderful, more unpredictable. One large data access, or even an order of magnitude difference, you are not sure you said the software, whether it's the same thing on Earth. A person to consider carefully the true state of the software industry would like the drill into digital maze. .

Of course, this difference is unconvincing. Because the software market, mainly three: software services (for a customer to write software, no intellectual property rights), the software product (software, prepare to be sold to many customers have their own intellectual property rights) and subsistence software (Enterprise applications for themselves or for their own products and open software). In General, the so-called software industry consists mainly of two parts, part three the number of programmer Although employment is not less than the sum of the first two categories, but because of their labor products not for sale or is not used for direct sale, and therefore generally not included in the industry. . .

Calculation software revenue at least the following means:.

1, the software product × (Duishui coefficient). .

2, (software product + software services) × (water coefficient).

3, (software + services + software self software) × (Duishui coefficient). .

4, (software product + software + service + subsistence software hardware revenue) * (water coefficient).

5, (software as a service + software + software + hardware self-income and other income + property income) × (Duishui coefficient). .

So get rid of most active variables: water coefficient and real estate income and other income, the software industry's revenues formula has a total of 5. Know these formulas, you will understand why the software industry of Huawei has 50 billion (in fact, most of them are self-sufficient software) and why some systems integration company is 10 million of software production value (in fact, most of the system hardware revenue)? more understand that to achieve the software industry to grow, in fact, magic is not very difficult. Not just numbers how to do the most basic questions, or why so soft software.

Just how big China's software industry? According to the domestic (CCID) statistics, China's software market in 2000 reached 23 billion yuan, in 2001 software sales totaled 28.5 billion, of which 67% of the share occupied by foreign companies (that we can conclude that the proportion of the profits of China's software enterprises certainly far below the 33% market share), that is, the actual software enterprises in China less than 10 billion total revenue. The IDC study suggests that China's software market in 2001 19. .715 U.S. dollars, 2002 28. .1527 Million.。 We covered some water slightly, according to the maximum value of 100 billion. Lenovo PC sales a year this figure is twice, even computer peripherals market size is 5 times more of it. Then the 100 million why support so many software companies? why support out of the country so many software Park? why support many banner software under the banner of the listed company?.

How the software industry in China Tempered? Recently, we obviously feel the exciting pace of development. Look at two data: one is "2002 China top 100 enterprises in the software industry," the software revenue, actually reached 465. .65 100 000 000! While another reporter in the China Software Expo press conference was informed that the software industry in 2001 amounted to 79.6 billion yuan, total exports reached 6 billion yuan! Two strings of data that is shocking, because they mean that China's software industry market jumped overnight several times! So rapidly, driven over the United States and India just around the corner! . .

According to statistics, 2000 zhongguoruanjianxiehui China software export 4 billion, accounting for China's software industry 6% of the total; 2001 China software export 7. .2 billion, accounting for China's software industry 8% of the total. According to the latest statistics for Beijing customs, 1 to October last year, Beijing's software exports to us $ 50 million, mainly exported to Japan, the United States. Export products to the database, application software, such as primary education, the majority is calculated on the basis of the other requirements of the processing trade. China's software industry of Beijing in occupies an important position, over a third of software production and more than two thirds of software export from Beijing.

18 countries in 2000, document "to encourage the development of software and IC industry, a number of policy" made a lot of software companies support the development of domestic policies. In the fifth plan, clearly defined the software industry's development goals: By 2005, software and services revenue to achieve 250 billion pages, and encouraged more than 20 years of sales over 1 billion software company and a group of software brands. Software more than one billion U.S. dollars in exports, and strive to bring two billion U.S. dollars related to the scale of the industry chain. But that it has to catch up with India in between 2-3 years, then it is impossible to achieve the current is a mere one billion U.S. dollars. .

Surprisingly, the foam in the Chinese software industry, the rise in overseas research institutions and foreign media has also played an important role. Leading market research agencies, Gartner research report in its assertion: China software lag India exports only four years, from 2001, increased by $ 8.2006 .6 year 270 billion, with an average annual growth rate as high as $ 620 per cent over the same period in India, only from 62 million increase to 275 million. According to IDC's most optimistic is expected at the beginning of this year, IT will be a recovery in the market, to increase by 5 over last year. . In this maturing software industry, and gave 620 percent to an annual average growth rate of emergence, and the data they actually come from a strict rational known research firm, it is incredible. .

According to Gartner, earlier data, Chinese software firms to export is from the year 2000, 4 billion to $ 30 billion in 2005. Of course, in some other data, forecast 2005, China's software exports will reach 60 million dollars. These data should believe in who you need, and who can believe that demand is; you will not believe, and who are not trusted.

Moreover, China's software industry to deify himself, first of all we must first deified India. Myth of China's software industry in India is the potential to become the core subjects. One reason I do not need to say more. However, this is domestic countless media time and again three deified, is the world's second largest software empire where software exports in 1999 was 3.9 billion U.S. dollars, 2000 was 57 billion dollars to 6.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2001 . The 6.2 billion U.S. dollars of exports in the global ranking of 11 lower than the German company SAP (64. .54 Billion) in annual revenue, also lower than Japan's NTT (64. .60 Billion) in annual income.。 In other words, the so-called second software powers as a software company to enter the global software companies 10 top!.

The lack of comparability between the data are complete, contradictory great access to many, in fact, seen many on surprised by. Because they are of different origin, the use for different purposes. Moreover, in the fast changing world, changes in the software industry should be even more rapid. Differences are natural. We should be accustomed to. .

Software market mainly three: software services (for a customer to write software, no intellectual property rights), the software product (software, prepare to be sold to many customers have their own intellectual property rights) and subsistence software (Enterprise applications for themselves or for their own products and open software). In General, the so-called software industry consists mainly of two parts, part three the number of programmer Although employment is not less than the sum of the first two categories, but because of their labor products not for sale or is not used for direct sale, and therefore generally not included in the industry. However, when the bubble up, how to calculate becomes an art. . Sound card reconciliation, accurate accounting of individual industrial and commercial households, the tax authorities levy imposed audit; on the scale of production and management capacity of small and do not prepare accounts of individual businesses, the tax department of the periodic fixed charge; have some individual cases industrial and commercial households, the tax department the right to the approved amount of tax payable, subject to verification collection. .

One person company overview one company (one-man company or one member company) also known as a sole proprietorship, Corporation, means there is only one shareholder holding company investment co., Ltd. or has only one shareholder holds all the shares of stock co., Ltd. . Form meaning one-man company is the number of shareholders is only one person, all of the shares or capital contribution has its control of the company, this form of the sense of one-man company can be divided into the establishment of one-person companies and the establishment of one-man company, the former principal There Yu allow the establishment of one-man company of the countries and regions, the establishment of Jiu Zai Zhi company only a Gudong; while the latter, Ze is the company's established consistent with a quorum, but the transfer because Gufen, gift, inheritance Dengdengzhuduo Yuan Yin, The result is only a shareholder's entire investment or control shares in cases in which companies are generally not allowed to exist only to set up a man company but allow the survival of the company to become one company's case. .

One of the company's development is a member company of the real meaning of terms, form a people company and a real sense of the one-man company. The former refers to the amount of capital of the company or the shares of only a single shareholder holding, and the company has one and only one shareholder. Company establishment, the articles of Association entered or registered shareholders to the company. The exception is when a company's shareholders, although more than one person, but for the duration of the company, the company's total capital or shares to a shareholder. In both cases often scholars known as the primeval one person company and following the onset of a company. . Nominal capacity is the real shareholders are usually shareholders or share capital contributions, the trustees. .

One person, company, in fact, with the continuous development of the economy, especially the continued development of market economy, individual investors in pursuit of a limited interest, its enterprise take the form of limited liability companies or limited. In the 17th century, the economic organization of external only negative concept of limited liability is not well developed, the company only limited liability system, until the 17th century began to establish in the future. When first entering the human society is limited. . .

In the early 19th century, the advent of the limited liability company resolved many small and medium-sized limited liability issue, but one investment in small and medium-sized enterprises are still excluded from the scope of limited liability. At the end of the 19th century, the development of market economy, strengthening personal capital strength, personal investor in order to make their contribution fails to limit losses to a minimal scope, the urgent need to address the issue of limited liability. Some people start to pull head shares, the number of shareholders gather statutory established only limited or limited forms of Association, but to actually enjoy the essence of a limited liability company. . Sa case from the beginning, one person corporate existence by the fact the legislation onto the road. The case has been considered a real sense of recognition of a person's typical cases. The first written law in the form of the legal status of one company should be supported in 1925 Lieshi Dun Fort established "natural persons and corporate law." .

Legislation from the Western countries, the one-man company attitudes generally developed from national company law prohibiting the establishment of a company, to gradually acknowledged the existence of a company to recognize the legitimacy of a company, it is only a matter of specific provisions in the States differ. One person company system column Fort Johnston branch system, 70 years the system has been developed for the world economy, to directly or indirectly be accepted. . .

A member company of the Organization as a real one-man company external forms of full compliance with the relevant provisions of company law, so it organizations set up without any problems, so this article does not discuss the substance of a company. In the form of a company, the company remains the system co., Ltd., limited company or in accordance with the national opinion the shareholders, directors, Board of Directors and supervisors, and other services necessary for the implementation of the authorities. Because the company's business after the implementation of the local people is not a shareholder, other creditors of the company, relative trading of shares in the future by the third party and be interested. . [14] the theoretical framework of the existing law but is a prerequisite for complex shareholder group method framework, which is only one shareholder characteristics of a person completely incompatible. So when one company to the existing law, the difficulties often occur can not be applied. Therefore, we should be in accordance with traditional company law a person different from the fact that, according to the characteristics of one-man company set up their own legislation through a separate organization. .

In one of the company's shareholders only one, in fact not composition of shareholders, we do not need to adhere to a shareholders ' meeting must set up the company. A single person company's property, the shareholders have lost the Foundation exists without having to go through the shareholders ' general meeting of shareholders will be able to express directly to the outside world. Otherwise, it is hard to draw a "single shareholder shall equal to the shareholders of the company law provisions by all attending shareholders will, therefore, there is no need to apply meeting convened by the procedural requirements" and "individual shareholders by the shareholders ' meeting the" fetched conclusion. . .

A company not established the Board of Directors. According to earlier recognition of a person's State of practice experience that, in addition to a company-owned properties, mostly small and medium-sized personal enterprise restructuring of a company. The company manages the capital scarce; in addition to responsibilities focus on business, the Organization of mostly only that single shareholders to the company's sole Director. Therefore we do not need to recruit others to serve as directors of the company, not only caused as a result of decentralization, and must therefore increase unnecessary personnel costs. . If so, its consequences not only a nominal authority of the organization, and will breed a troubled relationship between people within the company, for example, the head director of the exercise of powers to require wage payments, campaign chairman of the board so requests. So I think one part of the company's board of directors should take the nature of arbitrary authority, whether the establishment of the company according to their needs, not mandatory to set up the company's board of directors. .

A company must be forced to establish supervisory boards. In a limited non-person company, whose shareholders is plural, so if you have set up monitoring in their internal organs, their internal oversight by shareholder relations between conflicting interests by checks and balances, and reach a certain degree of oversight functions. Plus the Government authorities of the powers of, the traditional non-person company will not have much of an issue. But if a company has not set up the supervisory bodies, due to lack of monitoring mechanisms within the company, if the Government powers and responsibilities of the authorities assume full responsibility for the supervision of the financial problem is the Government's control. . Theory of modern companies require the company to bear certain social responsibilities, not only profit from it, the company's business is closely related with the socio-economic development. Therefore, in order to protect the interests of creditors and the public interest, we should provide one company to have an internal monitor. .

One of the company's value in a company prior to the General investors to avoid companies taken together with the poll, the shareholders of "legal." In this regard to meet the company's shareholders on minimum number requirements; on the other hand you can avoid the formation and dissolution of the company. In this way a real one-man company, raises a number of socio-economic problems. For example, the first transaction occurs most often on the titular shares held by shareholders, who should regulate all litigation. . Third, the parent company can use virtually complete control of the establishment of a subsidiary engaged in infringement claims, hype the stock, avoid debt, or engage in other illegal activities off law. One company in today's real flood situation, we not recognize that instead of prohibiting a person or company as the official face of one person against the company, to recognize its legal personality, to be administered into the legal system, or to such However, the increasing number of corporate form can not only have people in reality the company create problems exist in society, but not the community. An economic perspective, one company does have its value for the following reasons:. .

1, one company can enable only the investor maximum use of the limited liability principle of avoiding risks and achieve maximum economic efficiency.

2, more than one company for small and medium companies, the company management is not only relatively easy, and can therefore reduce operating costs. .

3. large-scale companies set up by investment company, a person can borrow this decentralized business risk.

4 people in the family business to set up a company in the death If the original Gu Dong, Wei Chi can inherit the company continue to operate without Yin shareholders death company shall be dissolved, so Ke maintain 效益 generate business to the nation's Jingjifazhan and maintain positive. .

5, high tech, high risk of developing new industries. Access to high-tech, high risk of emerging industry enterprises can compete, mainly depends on the degree of advanced and high-tech investment opportunities to grasp, but the amount of non-capital and scale, or dependent on high-quality people. One person company with capital of weakening but one of the features that are available in small-scale investments to take the best form of organization.

The drawbacks of one-man company although one company has its own important value, but its shortcoming is also obvious:. .

(A) lack of creditors and other related groups interests.

。 Company property is used for personal expenditure did not make a record, or if you do not keep full records of the company's property, so that the company often disappear to the shareholders of property "safe" medium, will cause the conflation of the property. This would tend to prejudice the interests of creditors.

(B) the legal personality of misuse of company shareholders, creating the opportunity. .

One of the greatest weakness lies in one person shareholders actually control the company. One company does not have an internal bodies and supervision, without restraint of one shareholder is likely to take advantage of the company is engaged in all kinds of fraud, the personality of illegal transactions, misprision of property in order to avoid various acts, such as debt, the interest for their own illegal.

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2. excess compensation. As a shareholder of the company, full control in a company, you are free to devise a financial package for the company's name as their own pay large amounts of remuneration and thereby also brought against the consequences of the creditors ' interests.

3. . Abuse of corporate personality in order to evade taxes, to the detriment of national interests. Especially when the one-man company is large number of national tax in arrears, one shareholder may use bankruptcy to avoid tax, this will bring great losses to the state. .

4. avoidance of legal provisions and not as an obligation. General company law are provided for MD's non-compete obligations. As a shareholder of the company, complete control of both shareholders and managers to the smooth conduct of the competition with the company.

(C) to avoid liability for infringement. .

In a company, especially when a shareholder for the profit of the production of fake and shoddy seriously infringe consumer rights or mismanaged, causing damage to the company's employees or other people's health, life, and resulting in heavy casualties, as one shareholder and companies with limited liability, property, huge compensation compared to the very limited, and will enable the physical or property damage of the victim is often too small because the company assets, from full compensation.

(D) the transfer of property for investors, to provide a haven to escape debt. .

One of the company's shareholders as soon as the part of the property financed, legally divorced from shareholders and their manipulation of the formation of the so-called company property. Single investor in the method not expressly prohibited may also set up a company, of which only a company truly and profitably. When the company is facing the debt crisis, one of the other fake companies who successfully escape from debt for investors, transfer of company assets was facilitated.

Improve the response of a one man company does have a lot of corporate abuse, but even the national law does not recognize its legitimacy, it also exists in the form to the other and can not effectively restrict their. For my country, even if companies do not recognize the legal and natural persons to establish one-man company, one-man company also abound, this is not deny the fact. Therefore, it should allow the establishment of foreign-owned company and one investment company set up by one person, they should be allowed to set up an enterprise legal persons and natural persons of one person company. China can take separate legislation and amend the Company Law and other legal combination, on the one-man company to regulate.。.

(A) adhere to a strict registration, publicity and the need for written records system. .

In order to be able to make one of the company's creditors with the company's transactions with full understanding of the situation of the company, can one company in the establishment must be registered and recorded to the company registration office to register is available for public inspection. And to "strict rules on the establishment of a company to set up procedures, conditions and prohibits abuse of a people company." Of course you have to do to prevent the abuse of one person, company, it must be established to strengthen the powers of the registration authorities, carrying out the substantive examination, and publicity. Like Japan and German company law are provided for the sole shareholder of a company registration and notification system. . .

(B) the minimum capital systems, strengthening the capital adequacy and maintenance obligations.

For one company, the minimum registered capital system is very important. Because the company as a separate legal entity, its external liability company's property depends on how much capacity. Became the company's registered capital of the company to the other party a minimum guarantee. One company in the most vulnerable to capital or capital does not confuse the real issues, in order to make the minimum registered capital of practical significance, should also pay attention to strengthen our company's registered capital. Capital adequacy obligations, no doubt enable the minimum capital system has practical significance. Strengthen capital adequacy obligation to shareholders to complete the major and appropriate funding to fulfill the obligation, to prevent false or contribution of capital flight.。 However, such supervision does not interfere with the company's operating activities, violations of the company's operating management.

(C) ensure that one property of the company's independence, strengthen financial supervision. .

For one person, one company's existing shareholders to the company's assets into your own personal, should establish a strict one company's financial system, and strengthen a company's financial supervision, it is strictly forbidden to all kinds of transactions, assets and shareholders ' property occurs is not clear. A company belonging to a legal person, it is necessary to guarantee the independence of its property, and in strict isolation and personal property. . Sound financial system, the company logged a business in the books of each, forming the memorandum and the annual financial report in order to review the company's finance, reducing the company's property was transferred, hidden opportunities. .

(4) the establishment of a company's debt guarantee system.

This is put forward by some scholars in China. The system primarily is to enhance the individual's responsibility to shareholders, one-man company's shareholders Chuliao amount of their investment on the one-man company Xian assume responsibility, in bankruptcy or Jiesan liquidation, property is not enough liquidity debts, he shall have a limited warranty. .

(5) on the right of one person company capability to conduct the appropriate limit.

Since a company does not exist in the traditional house of the three institutions, resulting in one company the lack of effective internal supervision and restriction on trade security and economic order, the stability of the negative, so different one-man company should limit its in a range of industries: owned company should be limited to the national economy and basic, monopoly, and public sector industries, or other suitable material; non-state one-person company may not engage in production and operation of these industries; for a foreign shareholder of the company's capabilities range of people according to the principles of safeguarding national economic independence, to make special restrictions, to prevent their economic security and independence of our country harm. .

(6) the company shall deny the system.

"Corporate Personality negative" means to stop the company's independent personality of the abuse and protect corporate interests and social public interests of creditors, on the specific legal relationship to the specific facts, deny the company and its shareholders behind the separate personality and limited liability of shareholders, ordered the company's shareholders or creditors of the company is directly responsible for the public interest to achieve a fair, just set the target at the request of a legal measures. This is the Anglo-American countries, the so-called "Piercing the Corporate Veil" system. .

Overview of an individual proprietorship, proprietorship enterprise concepts and features.

Individual enterprises and short-owned enterprise, is invested by a natural person, all the assets of all investors profit economic organization. Owned enterprises is a very ancient form of enterprise is still widely used in commercial operations, its typical feature is a personal investment, personal business. Individual self and own risk. .

Individual-owned enterprises act to 30 August 1999 by the ninth 11 meeting and published since January 2000. The remove all 6 Chapter 48. Article 2 of the Act provides for the concept of the wholly-owned enterprises referred to in this law are: sole proprietorship, refers, in accordance with this law, established in the territory of China, by a natural investment property for all the individual investor, investor to his or her personal property on corporate debt unlimited liability business entities.

Sole proprietorship has the following features:. .

1. the characteristics of the main aspects of the investment. Individual-owned enterprises investment of only one natural person. This is a wholly-owned enterprises on the subject of investment and joint ventures and companies differ. Our partnership law, a partnership of investors, although it is a natural person, but for more than 2 people; the company's shareholders usually 2 or more people, and investors include not only legal and natural persons also includes the unincorporated organization. Of course, in a limited liability company, investor or only one person.

2. The characteristics of corporate property. Sole proprietorship of all personal property as an investment to all investors (also called the owners) is a business property (including business investment in the establishment of the initial investment of property and business property accumulated during the existence of) the sole owner. Based on this, the investment of the enterprise operation and management of things have absolute control and domination, not subject to any other human intervention. Sole proprietorship the nature of the property, the ownership of private property belonging to the object. .

3. responsibility of the feature. Individual-owned enterprises investing in their personal property on the unlimited liability company debt. This is the responsibility of the morphological aspects of the wholly-owned enterprises and companies (including one co., Ltd.) essential differences. The so-called investors in their personal property on the unlimited liability of corporate debt, including three meanings: one is the debt in full by investments in person; the second is to invest in people taking corporate debt obligations are not limited to the scope of its responsibilities, including sole proprietorships in all his property, and other personal property; third, the investor's creditors direct responsibility. . .

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Individual-owned enterprises in the formal and financed individually, one person, company, State-owned enterprises have similarities, accountability and partnerships have similarities, but between the difference is obvious:.

(A) of the individual enterprise and individual business difference. .

Individual-owned enterprises and individually-owned are natural capital, it is common ground between them. The difference is:.

1. Sole proprietorship can only set up personal investment; individual businesses can set up a natural person, you can also set up a family investment. .

2. individual-owned enterprises, investment in people in their personal property on the unlimited liability of corporate debt; only when a clear enterprise with its family property as a personal contribution to the common property of the family according to the law on corporate debt unlimited liability. According to article 29 of the General principles of the civil law, commercial debt, in the case of a personal undertaking to personal property, is a family business, to the family property.

3. According to different laws. Sole proprietorship law in accordance with established personal owned enterprises, individual businesses in accordance with civil law, "Provisional Regulations on Urban Management of individual industrial and commercial households" and its implementation rules provide for the establishment. .



(B) of the individual enterprise and the difference between one person company. .

One company is the only one of the shareholders of limited liability companies, namely the company's investments in people as a person, a sole-proprietorship by investors, but investors on the company's debt is only limited responsibility. Our newly revised corporate law provides for a limited liability company, natural and legal persons can be financed the establishment of a limited liability company. In addition to natural and legal persons who funded the company, the company law of the State-owned companies also belong to one person, company, its shareholders special status. Individual-owned enterprises and one company is a body financed the establishment of the enterprise, but the two properties are completely different, reflected in:.

1. Different investors. Sole proprietorship can only be established by a natural person funded, one funded company set up either by a natural person may also be funded by the corporate establishment, also funded by the State to establish. .

2. the qualification is different. Individual-owned enterprises belong to unincorporated organization, does not have legal personality, one person, company, as a company, is a legal person, the company established a legal personality.

3. Accountability different. Sole Proprietorship investor assume unlimited liability for debts of the enterprises; one company investors (shareholders) only in proportion to the amount of the company, that is, limited liability. .

4. registered capital requirements are different. On individual-owned enterprises, the law and to the requirements of the minimum registered capital, a company law there is a minimum registered capital requirements pursuant to the provisions of company law, the minimum registered capital of 10 million Yuan, and when the company set up in a lump.

5. The legal basis for the establishment of different. Sole proprietorship law in accordance with established personal owned enterprises; one-man company be set up in accordance with the Company Law. .

(Iii) individual-owned enterprises and wholly State-owned enterprise difference.

The traditional state-owned enterprise that is wholly state-owned enterprises, is also a sole proprietorship. Both have in common is a wholly-owned form, but the difference between the two is obvious. .

1. individual-owned enterprises do not have the qualifications of a wholly State-owned enterprises; and the establishment of corporate law.

2. Individual investors owned enterprises is a natural person; wholly owned investment in state-owned enterprises are state-owned investors. .

3. individual-owned enterprises of investor unlimited liability for the debt; only State-owned investors to fund a responsible for State-owned enterprises.

4. Sole Proprietorship Sole Proprietorship Enterprise Law in accordance with established law; wholly state-owned industrial enterprises were set up in accordance with State-Owned Enterprises Law, the other wholly state-owned enterprises are required by state ownership of industrial enterprises established principles of law. .

(Iv) the individual-owned enterprises and foreign-owned enterprise difference.

China's foreign-invested enterprises, including foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises are three types, including foreign-funded enterprises and individual-owned enterprises similar point, the only one investor, the main difference between the two is:. .

1. capital sources. The former from the people's Republic of China overseas, which comes from the people's Republic of China.

2. Different donors. Former investor can be a single natural person, it can be a single legal entity. The latter can only be a single natural person. .

3. establishment of the basis. The former was established in accordance with the law on foreign-funded enterprises, which in accordance with the individual proprietorship enterprises set up.

4. Accountability different. The former is a limited liability company (which can take the form of other responsibilities), which is unlimited liability. .

(V) individual investment enterprises and partnership enterprises difference.

Individual proprietorship and partnership enterprises investment per capita is a natural person, the corporate debt have unlimited liability and are all subjects of law in the unincorporated organization, it is the similarities between the two. The differences between them are:. .

1. a number of different investors. Individual-owned enterprises invested only for 1 person, partnership for more than 2 people.

2. Ownership of different property. Sole proprietorship of the property owned by one person for all investors, property of the partnership by all partners there. .

3. responsibility vary. Individual-owned enterprises by only one person investor unlimited liability, the partnership is composed of all the partners are jointly and severally unlimited liability.

The establishment of a sole proprietorship, the establishment of conditions for sole proprietorship. .

Proprietorship enterprises according to the provisions of article 8, the setting up of wholly-owned enterprises must have the following five conditions:.

(A) is a natural person. .

Individual-owned enterprises investment must be a person, and only is a natural person. Here a natural person may only be asserted is a natural person having the nationality of the people's Republic of China, including foreign natural persons, foreign-owned enterprise shall not apply to the proprietorship enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises.

(B) legal business name. .

As mentioned earlier, the wholly-owned enterprises have the right and the right to the name of the firm. Proprietorship name should be in the form of their responsibilities and are engaged in business. The name of the Enterprise shall comply with the provisions for the administration of registration of enterprise names. Enterprises are only permitted to use a name in the register of the competent authorities of the area with the same name identical with or similar to the enterprise. Wholly-owned enterprises must not be used in the name of a "limited", the words "limited liability".

(C) investment financed out of newspaper. .

A certain amount of capital is the existence of any enterprise to be as sole proprietorships is no exception. But because of investor-owned companies assume is unlimited, but not be limited to the amount of investment, with the third party and without risk, the wholly-owned enterprises act does not require individual enterprise there is a minimum registered capital, only requires investment in human capital has its own Declaration. This provision makes it easy to set up a wholly-owned enterprises, is conducive to enterprise development.

(D) a fixed place of business and production of the necessary conditions for production and operation. .

(V) have the necessary staff, individual proprietorship established procedures.

The establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise to take a direct registration system, namely, the establishment of wholly-owned enterprises not subject to any approvals, and the establishment of guidelines by the investor directly under the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration. .

(A) the establishment of an individual enterprise.

The applicant is a sole proprietorship of the sole proprietorship enterprise investors. Investors can also entrust their agents to the location of a sole proprietorship enterprise registration authority for registration of establishment. Investor owned enterprise applications, the registration authority shall submit the following documents:. .

1. set up the application. Setting up the application should include the following: (1) name and domicile of the enterprises (sole proprietorship enterprise with its main offices are located as shelter); (2) investment in the person's name and home; (3) the amount of capital investment in human capital; and (4) scope of business.

2. Investor identity. .

3. the use of proven production undertakings, etc.

By the agent application for registration shall be issued by the investors and agents of the legitimate power of attorney to prove. .

(B) the registration authority approved and registered with the enterprise was founded.

Criteria for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprises the principle that the sole proprietorship owned enterprises according to individual conditions for the establishment of law. Registration authority should be established in the application documents received within 15 days, individual-owned enterprises that meet the conditions prescribed by law, shall register and issue licenses; personal owned enterprises do not meet the conditions prescribed by law. Not registered, and give a written reply, state the reasons. Sole proprietorship business license was issued for the sole proprietorship of the launch date. Third, the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise branch offices. .

Wholly-owned enterprises of the branch is a wholly-owned enterprises in domicile established outside business activities. Wholly-owned enterprises and the establishment of branches and the registration process and the establishment of a wholly-owned enterprises in much the same.

1. Establish application and registration. For a sole proprietorship enterprises set up branches, and by the investors or their agents to the branch where the registration authority for registration and obtain business license. .

2. the registration record. Proprietorship Enterprise Branch Office approved the registration, the registration of the branch is part of the sole proprietorship enterprise's original registration authority record.

3. Sole proprietorship branches bear civil liability. Enterprise branch is part of the business, which generated by the enterprise should bear civil liability. As investors in their personal property on the individual enterprise's debt to unlimited liability. Therefore, sole proprietorship or a branch of civil liability in fact borne by the investors. 4, sole proprietorship changes. .

Change of proprietorship enterprise refers to the individual-owned enterprises for the duration of registration changes. Such as business name, domicile, business scope and operating period, changes. Sole proprietorships should make changes to the date of the decision within 15 days of the law to apply for registration of changes. Proprietorship enterprise registration change, not by individual-owned enterprises Act regulations for registration of changes. Ordered for change of registration or omitted, is punishable by a fine of $ 2000.

Sole proprietorship business and affairs of managing investors, individual investors owned enterprises. .

(A) individual-owned enterprises investing in the human condition.

As a sole proprietorship business with the singularity of investment, operation and management of direct sexual characteristics, and very different companies, so individual-owned Enterprise Law of the business organization does not make specific provision, but focused on the conditions for investors and business the establishment of the Authority. .

Individual-owned enterprises, refers to the use of its property investment ventures of natural persons. Investors can only be a natural person; investment property must be private property. With regard to the wholly-owned enterprises to invest in the human condition, individual proprietorship enterprises did not provide a positive condition, but only provides its negative conditions, shall not become a wholly-owned enterprises to invest in the human condition. Article 16 of the Act provides that the laws and administrative regulations prohibit engaging in a gainful activity, not as an investment for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise. This provision indicates that, in addition to the legal, administrative regulations, prohibition of engaging in a gainful activity of a natural person, a natural person can act as a sole proprietorship enterprise investment. . .

(Ii) individual-owned enterprises investing in human rights.

1. Individual-owned enterprises to invest in property ownership of the enterprise. Owned enterprise established in the funding and operation of the property accumulated during the property of all investor-owned enterprises. Property here mainly refers to the tangible business property, such as housing, machinery, equipment, raw materials, not including industrial property, intangible property, proprietary technology. .

2. recognizes the rights of investors can be assigned or inherited according to the law. As a wholly-owned enterprises investment personality and personality are inseparable, enterprises are investing in property ownership, so investors for enterprise property enjoys full and complete right of disposal and treatment, he could be a part of the business assets transferred to another person, or the entire enterprise. At the same time, when investors either died or been declared dead, his heirs can vary according to the provisions of the law of succession to the exercise of the right of inheritance-owned companies.

(C) a sole proprietorship enterprises to invest in the responsibility. .

Individual-owned enterprises, investment in corporate debt unlimited liability. In accordance with the individual proprietorship enterprises the provisions of article 18, a sole proprietorship enterprise apply for the registration of establishment of enterprises to their families when the clear property as an individual investor, must legally to the family property on corporate debt unlimited liability. In other words, to investors, personal property, funded by investors of unlimited liability for personal property; to the investor's family assets funded by investors of unlimited liability of family property. . Second, individual-owned Enterprise Affairs. .

(A) of the sole proprietorship enterprise service management approach.

1. Investors the right to choose the form of corporate affairs. Sole proprietorship Management There are three modes:. .

(1) self management. That is, from a sole proprietorship Enterprise investors I business transaction directly to management.

(2) commissioned management. Owned enterprises from individual investors entrust other people with the capacity for civil conduct for Enterprise Affairs. .

(3) appointment management. That is, a sole proprietorship enterprise investment hired other with civil capacity person responsible for the business transaction management.

2. Commission or management should sign a written employment contract. Commissioned by management, investors and trustees by a written contract, commissioned by the specific content and clear the scope of rights granted. Employ others to manage business affairs and be employed by investors who sign a written contract defining the specific content and commissioned the scope of rights granted. Investors appointed or hired personnel management affairs of a sole proprietorship enterprise violated a contract the two sides, the damage caused to the investors should bear civil liability. .

3. investment trustee or employee competence, not against bona fide third parties.

(B) the agent or employee of the administrator of the obligation. .

The trustee or the employed person shall perform the obligation of good faith and diligence, in accordance with the investment contracts will be responsible for individual enterprise transaction management.

. .

The person appointed or employed persons violating the above provisions infringe the property rights of the individual proprietorship, and ordered the return of the damage caused to the enterprise, legally undertake the compensation responsibility; has illegally obtained, confiscation illegal obtained; the Constitution crime, legally investigates the legal responsibility.

(C) a sole proprietorship enterprise financial management. .

Individual-owned enterprises must legally set up account books, conduct accounting.

(D) a sole proprietorship enterprise labor management and social security. .

1. individual enterprise creed, must legally sign a labour contract staff and workers, the protection of workers ' safety, on time and paid wages.

2. A sole proprietorship enterprise shall, in accordance to social security, pay social insurance premiums for employees. Owned enterprise workers social insurance includes old-age insurance, industrial injury insurance and medical insurance. .

3. a wholly-owned enterprises and workers can form a trade union organization in accordance with the law in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, a wholly-owned enterprise shall provide the Union with the necessary conditions for the activities.

4. Sole Proprietorship Sole Proprietorship violated law, the violation of legitimate rights and interests, not protect the employees to work safe, do not pay social security fees, in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations shall be punished, and the parties responsible for their responsibility. .

Individual-owned enterprises to the dissolution of a liquidation, dissolution of proprietorship.

The dissolution of the sole proprietorship is owned enterprise because there is some legal reasons which led to the Civil Principal destruction. Dissolution of the individual enterprise only eliminate the reasons for the dissolution of the fact that business is not immediately eliminate the occurrence. Personal-owned Enterprise Law the provisions of article 26, sole proprietorship one of the following circumstances shall be dissolved:. .

(A) the investor's decision to disband.

This is a sole proprietorship any reason for the dissolution. They do not violate the law, investors have the right to decide the dissolution at any time owned enterprises. .

(Ii) investment in person dies or is declared dead, no heir or heirs to abandon the inheritance.

Investment death or declared dead, if his successor has inherited owned enterprises, the enterprises may continue to exist, only go through the investor's change of registration, but there was no heir or successor in the decision to give up all of the inherited cases, sole proprietorship loss of essential business conditions continue to operate, it should be dissolved. .

(Iii) be revoked in accordance with the law.

This is the sole reason for dissolution of the force. Be punished by revocation of business licenses, including the reasons for the punishment-owned enterprise to submit false documents to fraudulently obtain registration of serious behavior, alter, lease, transfer of serious acts of business license, business established more than 6 months without justification or not opening suspends its business for 6 months or more acts. .

(Iv) legal and administrative regulations in other situations, the dissolution of the individual-owned enterprises in liquidation.

As mentioned earlier, the dissolution of only the elimination of the causes of individual-owned enterprises, enterprises are not due to the fact that the dissolution of the occurrence of immediate elimination. Owned enterprises in liquidation company that is handling the dissolution of the legal relationship does not end the process. Liquidation, for cancellation of registration, sole proprietorship until the final elimination. .

(A) the liquidators of the produce.

Liquidator means the liquidation of the enterprise implementation of the liquidation affairs and external representative. Liquidation business operations due to the dissolution of the capacity loss, can not continue to carry out business activities, but there is only liquidation affairs. Therefore, the business manager should be replaced as liquidator. Sole Proprietorship Enterprise Law Article 27, sole proprietorship dissolution, liquidation or by the investors on their own court appointed liquidator by the creditors for liquidation. Therefore, the liquidation of sole proprietorship in principle to investors for its liquidator. However, for the creditors, the people's court appointed liquidator of outside investors. .

(Ii) notice and notice process.

Investors own liquidation, the liquidation shall be notified in writing 15 days before the creditors to be notified, should be publicly announced. Creditors should be notified within 30 days from the date, not received notification should be within 60 days from the date of notice to the investors to declare their claims. .

(Iii) asset and capital repayment programs.

Liquidator should clean up after the creditors to file claims in the company's debt, debt. In the liquidation period, the individual enterprise may not carry out the purpose has nothing to do with the liquidation of the business activities. Before the debt, investors may not transfer, conceal property. Sole proprietorship enterprises and their investors during the period prior to liquidation or liquidation hide or transfer property, avoid debt, according to recover their property, and be punished according to relevant regulations; constitute a crime, be investigated for criminal responsibility. .

(Iv) shall order.

The dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the property should be settled in accordance with the following order:. .

1. wages and social security costs.

2. Taxes owed;. .

3. other debts.

Personal property not owned enterprise debt, the investor should be to his own satisfaction of other property. .

(V) the responsibility system.

After the dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the original investor during the existence of a sole proprietorship enterprise should bear the responsibility of repaying the debt, but creditors of the dissolution of self-owned enterprise within 5 years after the debt is not a request to the debtor, the responsibility for elimination. .

(Vi) the cancellation of the registration process.

Sole Proprietorship Law under the provisions of Article 32, a sole proprietorship enterprise liquidation, the investors or the people's court appointed liquidator shall prepare a liquidation report, and to the registration authority within 15 days for cancellation of registration. Once the cancellation of registration, a sole proprietorship enterprise shall be eliminated. According to Chinese law, the subject of civil legal relations can be divided into natural and legal persons. .

Individually owned individually: does not have legal personality. In accordance with the relevant legal provisions, to the extent permitted by law, in accordance with the approved; business registration in zhui; for individually. Individual Wang shop is a unique participation of citizens in the form of production and business activities, is also an individual legal forms. A.regular mutatis natural and legal persons shall enjoy civil qualification. But individually is not an operational entity;.

Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship enterprise established in China according to law, by a natural person investment, property investors of all individuals, their personal property investors assume unlimited liability for debts of the enterprise business entity. Sole proprietorship does not have legal personality, although you can play number, and can be the external name of the enterprise engaged in civil activities, but it is just natural for a special form of commercial activity, are natural business areas. .

Ltd: one co., Ltd., which is the only one shareholder or a shareholder of the Corporation co., Ltd. Since January of this year the company law of the people's Republic of China stipulates that a natural person or a legal entity shareholders can establish a limited liability company "a". As can be seen from the company name, one company complies with the conditions established in the company, with full legal personality of the economic entities.

Second, different investors. .

A.regular: either by a natural person established or financed by the joint family.

Sole proprietorship: the investor can only be a natural person;. .

Ltd: a shareholder or a legal person established shareholders ' investment.

Third, the responsibility of the property coverage is different. .

A.regular: according to the General principles of civil law and the provisions of the current judicial interpretation of the nature of the responsibility, individually bear the burden of debt is unlimited liability, that is, not to put into operation, to the extent of the property, but rather to all their possessions. Personal management by the personal property; the family business, to the family property. Of course, whether in personal property or family property responsibility, should retain their necessities and the necessary means of production.

Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship business investors only in the general debts of the enterprises of their personal property, unlimited liability, but specifically in the enterprise for registration of the common property of the family as a personal investment of only according to the family common property of the corporate debt unlimited liability;. .

Ltd: under the company law provisions, a limited liability company shareholders only to its investment mix on limited liability company debt. This is one of the company as a separate legal entity in an outstanding performance.

Fourth, the application of different laws. .

Individual-owned enterprises in accordance with the individual-owned enterprises Act established individually in accordance with the General principles of civil law, the management of urban and rural commercial provisions of the Ordinance. But one co., Ltd. is established on the basis of the company, and 3 by adjusting the.

Fifth, different tax administration. .

First of all from the tax administration, tax services for commercial and individual enterprise tax administration on the relatively relaxed, prepare, on the tax collection is mainly made of fixed or fixed-rate levy; for a limited liability company, is much more stringent requirements, the tax levied on the main way of using fixed rate or examine the books collection.

Second, different income tax involved. "The State Council on the sole proprietorship and partnership issues Individual Income Tax notice" requirement, individual proprietorship and partnership enterprises from January 1, 2000, the cessation of collection of enterprise income tax, cf individual businesses and individual income tax from production and operation. Therefore, individual business or sole proprietorship only required to pay personal income tax, do not pay corporate income tax; and one limited liability company must pay corporate income tax, to distribute the profits to shareholders when they pay personal income tax. From this perspective, individual businesses and individual enterprise than the "one-man company" even more. .

To sum up, we can see that the difference is quite obvious, especially if they have legal personality, investors limited liability or joint liability unlimited, whether on the payment of enterprise income tax. Like Mr. Liu to do the same for investment holdings are the individual also must be fully grasped, and made a detailed comparison, according to own actual situation select the most appropriate legal form, if required, may also wish to consult a lawyer to do about professional. A.regular: under the General principles of civil law, article 26 of the citizens, to the extent permitted by law, in accordance with the approved registration, engage in business undertakings, to individually.

Individual business is within the scope permitted by law, shall be registered and approved to operate a natural person engaged in commerce and industry. .

Individual businesses leaseholding is economic performance, in law, it has the following characteristics:.

1. Individual businesses and natural persons engaged in business or family business. Natural person or individual as a unit, or the family as a unit engaged in business operations, both individual businesses. According to law-related policies can apply for individual businesses operate primarily urban unemployed youth, social loafing and rural villagers. State cadres, workers enterprises, can not apply in individual industrial and commercial business. .

2. a natural person engaged in business operations must be approved and registered in accordance with the law. The registration bodies leaseholding is above County Administrative Department for industry and commerce. Individually approved registration, obtains the business license before you can begin to operate. Individually, merge, change of registration matters or business, you should register.

3. Individual business can only manage the legal, policy allows the individual trades. .

(Ii) the legal status of the individual businesses.

In the context of approved and registered by law, individual businesses have engaged in individual industrial and commercial business of civil rights and civil capacity. Individual business legitimate business activities protected by law, the assets of its business and legal benefits, individual business ownership. An individual business may open bank accounts, apply for loans to banks, the right to apply for trademark rights, the right to enter into labor contracts and find a replacement, with apprentices, also have a shop name, engraved seal right. .

Individually engage in production and operation activities must comply with the laws of the State, the tax should be implemented, subject to the Administration for industry and commerce. A.regular engaged in illegal, must bear civil liability and other legal obligations.

(C) the responsibility of individual businesses and property. .

Article 29 of the General principles of the civil law stipulates individually-owned business, personal, personal property, family business, to the family property. I.e.: name of the application for registration of a individually-owned, personal business, revenues are also owned by the individual, the personal responsibility for debt burden; a family of common property investment, or the main part of the proceeds of ? for family members, their consumption from domestic property relations between husband and wife paid; in the duration of a party engaged in commercial operations, their income as of matrimonial property, their debt from the matrimonial property liquidation; family members jointly funded, joint undertakings, their debts discharged by the family property. . .

With capacity for civil rights and civil capacity, independently enjoy civil rights and civil obligations of the organization. In short, is a civil rights legal qualification of social organization.

As spoken, sometimes also referred to as the legal representative of legal person. .

Legal persons as subjects of civil legal relationship is with the natural balance of relative that compared different characteristics: first, the body is a social organization in the legal personality of the legal sense of the word "person" instead of real life, their origin, in accordance with the law. A natural person is based on the natural birth, survival of the people, have the nationality of natural persons is known as the country's citizens. Footage of natural persons in accordance with the laws of nature, with a natural property, legal person does not have this property. Second, although the legal person, natural person are the civil legal subjects, but is the collection of a civil body, that is, the body is a collection of some of the natural person. . In contrast, the natural person as an individual in itself as a civil subject. Third, the legal capacity for civil rights, civil capacity and the natural are different. According to "Civil Law" Article 37 provides that legal persons must also have the four conditions are indispensable. .

(A) established by law. The body must be approved by the State. In China, corporate there are two main ways: first, in accordance with the laws, regulations or administrative approval. If the body corporate generally or by laws and regulations established by the administrative approval. The second is approved to register and set up. As businesses, companies, industrial and commercial administrative departments approved and registered as legal person.

(B) the necessary property and funds. Property must have an independent legal person, as an independent material basis to participate in civil activities. Independent property, is a specific range of corporate ownership or operation of property management, able to dominate in its own independence, while excluding the outside of the legal property of the administrative intervention. .

(C) your name, organization, institutions and establishments. Corporate name is different from other social organizations of the glyph. Name should be the object of corporate activities and affiliations. After registration of the name, the legal right to exclusive rights. Corporate organization that handles all the Affairs of the Organization of the legal person, is called a body organ, composed by a natural person. Legal venue is engaged in the production operation or activities of fixed locations. Corporate main office location is a legal person's residence.

(D) ability to independently bear civil liability. Legal persons of their civil legal consequences arising out of acts bear full legal responsibility. Unless otherwise specifically provided, the corporation is composed of legal persons and other organizations not liable for the debts, equally, not on the addition to its own corporate debt and other liabilities outside the civil liability. .

In accordance with the provisions of the General principles of civil law, our body there are four main organs of the body and cause: a legal person, corporate enterprises and commonalty.

China's civil law on the legal classification. .

The General principles of civil law in China, according to legal persons are engaged in business activities, a body corporate and consists of two main types of non-legal person.

Corporate: It is symmetric with citizens and those of the main. "Civil Law" stipulates: Legal is a civil rights and civil obligations of capacity, shall enjoy civil rights and assume civil obligations. .

Body is not a natural person who is a relative term. Legal person has capacity for civil rights and civil capacity, independently enjoy civil rights and civil obligations of the organization. In short, is a civil rights legal qualification of social organization.

I first explain your second question: is not all businesses are required to have a corporate? . .

Your question is wrong, maybe you want to ask is "are all enterprises require a legal representative?".

XX companies such as Guangzhou, "Guangzhou XX Company" is legal, then the shareholders choose to do in Guangzhou XX Joe Smith's legal representative, if Joe Smith is the only company in Guangzhou XX legal representative, and the company has only one legal representative. .

Then of course, if the company Guangzhou JJ, John practices, as Buchanan is both a Guangzhou company legal representative XX, Guangzhou JJ's legal representative.

What you ask is a legal person, then you have to understand what is legal:. .

Legal persons must be approved by the State. In China, corporate there are two main ways: first, in accordance with the laws, regulations or administrative approval. If the body corporate generally or by laws and regulations established by the administrative approval. The second is approved to register and set up. As businesses, companies, industrial and commercial administrative departments approved and registered as legal person.

I guess your first question "corporate specific tasks that?" Was asked "enterprise legal representative of the specific tasks that?." .

Legal person on its own civil legal consequences bear full legal responsibility. In addition there are special provisions in the law, a legal entity made up of staff and other organizations does not assume responsibility for corporate debt, again, the body is not subject to its own debt other than debt. In other words, if a company filed the Guangzhou Guangzhou JJ XX company, then John as a legal representative, will appear before the Court. To attend the day John representative Guangzhou JJ, Shenzhen and Guangzhou XX (reality it is not possible) and, of course, John is a legal representative is not a legal person, is not responsible for the corporate debt.

Legal representative and legal representative of two different legal concepts, and some litigants will often confuse the two meanings. There is a difference between them. .

First, the concept of the two: legal representatives refers to a general provision, according to a legal entity as an inside job or by the legal representative of the foreign legal entity representatives exercising civil rights and obligations of the person, it is not a separate legal concepts. While the legal representative is a legal concept, it refers in accordance with the law or the articles of Association of legal persons, legal persons in charge of the exercise of the powers, is the legal representative of a legal person, is not staffed, the Chair work as Deputy Head of the legal representative, with the Board of Directors of the Corporation, to the Chairman of the Board is the legal representative of a legal person, the Chairman of the Board, by the Board of directors authorizing the charge can be used as the legal representative of the legal person.

Second, both produced in different ways: the legal representative of the authority of the legal representative of law and has no legal representative of the authority, it can not produce legal representative, the legal representative is appointed by law or by the company by a higher authority according to legal procedures election. .

Third, both the number of different: as the subject of civil rights, its legal representatives can have more than one, and only one of the representatives of legal entities, the legal representative of the independent exercise of legal authority.

4, two different rights: the legal representative of the external powers should be authorized by the legal representative of the restrictions, he can only be authorized by the legal representative of legal person within the purview of the external activities on behalf of his own behavior is not legal action, It took place on the corporate direct legal effect; and legal representative have the right within the purview of the law, to exercise direct authority on behalf of external legal. .

5. both change legal procedures: change of the legal representative does not have a program that he did not need to register; whereas the legal representative is a legal person should be registered in one of the matters, which is necessary proceedings provided for by law, is subject to change should be timely for the registration of the legal representative.

Corporate characteristics: 1, corporations are not people, is a social organization, it can be the same as natural persons to participate in civil legal relations, rights, obligations. .

2. legal persons enjoy civil rights and civil capacity. Natural persons to participate in the civil legal relations, rights and obligations of the qualification and status of civil rights, known as the natural person. Body as a kind of social organization, their participation in civil legal relations, rights and obligations of the qualification and status of civil rights, known as legal persons. Natural persons can participate in their behavior, the civil legal relations between the enjoyment of the rights and obligations of the position and the qualifications, called natural capacity for civil conduct. . .

3. legal persons have a separate property. Body is able to have an independent personality just because it has a separate property, this is their participation in the civil legal relations, rights and obligations of the Foundation. Body with an independent property, you have the capacity for civil rights and the independence of the independent capacity for civil conduct.

4 independent legal entity able to bear civil liability. .

In the enterprise, whether or not to approve the establishment of a legal person, is one of the acts of an administrative act. Corporate organization launched by the Partnership Act was confirmed by the national executive power, which means that gave rise to a civil law relations, produced a legal person, it can enjoy a wide range of civil rights, undertake a variety of civil obligations.

The basic definition of business enterprise is engaged in the production, distribution, service and other economic activities, production or service to meet community needs and implement their own decisions, independent accounting, according to the law established a legal entity with the economic profit economic organization. .

Most of the traditional labour-intensive enterprises, modern high-tech enterprises are mostly knowledge creation of enterprises, China's enterprises are to knowledge economies in transition.

In short, the enterprise is that, legally established for-profit, engaged in commodity production and business activities of independent accounting and financial services organization. .

It is important to note that —.

Company: In accordance with the Company Law to set up an enterprise legal person for the purpose of profit. The concept of enterprise is greater than the company. .

Enterprise: (1) to invest in human capital and liability form is divided into: individual investment enterprises and partnership enterprises, corporate enterprise.

(B) to investors in different points: domestic-funded enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested enterprises. .

(3) ownership structure can be written as: ownership of enterprises, collective and private enterprises.

Company category (a) by the shareholders of the company are different points; unlimited liability company, limited liability companies, joint stock. .

(2) press the credit score is one kg, kg, one GmbH and UGC kg.

(C) the parent company, subsidiaries. .

In the commodity areas as an organizational unit of a variety of modes of organization, in accordance with certain rules, organic composition of economic entities, typically for profit to our investors, customers, employees and the Community interest for the mission, by providing products or services in exchange for income. It is a product of social development, social development and growth.

"Enterprise" is the source for China, the enterprises of China's ancient culture, the word is not inherent, and other widely used now as a social science terms, is the occasion of political reform in the late Qing Dynasty, from Japan learn from. Japan is after the Meiji Restoration, the introduction of Western enterprise system process, a translation from Spanish. Therefore, the inquiry enterprises etymology, no word from China and Japan constitutes a start, can only focus on the transplantation of "mother", that the Western vocabulary. .

And the enterprise corresponds to a word in the English language is called "enterprise", the French called "entreprise", in German is called "unternehmen". As the European languages are strongly influenced by Latin, and for historical reasons and geographical factors, constantly between countries and the integration of the transplantations to the composition and meaning of words. In English, for example, the word enterprise consists of two parts: the "enter-prise" and "-", the former with the "get started enjoying the meaning," to "earnings, income"; the latter are "pry, hold up", then "lever, tools". . .

Japan in the introduction of the term, free translation is "enterprise", literally represents an attempt to engage in a business career, and sustainable business. Accordingly, it can be argued that the term enterprise etymological sense, as the existence of the right to object, which is the subject of operations in order to obtain profitable tools and means "or" creating enterprise and the enterprise for commercial business activities is not the ultimate goal of business ", their ultimate purpose is to" pursue self-interest of maximization ".

Business English interpretation. .

enterprise: An enterprise is a company or business, often a small one。.

company: A company is a business organization that makes money by selling goods or services. .

business: A business is an organization which produces and sells goods or which provides a service。.

Why do companies exist? In 1937, the U.S. economist Coase (R. H. Coase) published "The Nature" article, is considered the beginning of this issue. .

Prior to this, the nature of the enterprise itself, a traditional microeconomics to ignore the problem. In the tradition of microeconomics, is a manufacturer of production process as a "black box" that is, the enterprise is abstracted into an input to the output of the pursuit of profit maximization "black box".

At present, the nature of business. Western economists have different views. There are also some controversy between. Part of the Western economists Coase emphasized mainly from the perspective of transaction costs to analyze the nature of business. .

Transaction costs.

What is a transaction cost? Any transaction can be regarded as agreed between parties to a contract. The so-called transaction costs can be seen around the transaction costs arising from contracts. According to Coase and others point of view, a class of transaction costs in the contract signed by both parties face trading losses caused by accidental factors. These causal factors or because the prior can not be predicted without written into the contract, or it can be foreseen, but can not because too many factors included in the contract. Transaction costs is another sign contracts, and monitoring and implementation of the contract that cost. .

What is the nature of the enterprise? or, why would there business? some Western economists believe that the production of the enterprise as an organizational form to a certain extent, is on the market as a substitute. You can imagine two extreme cases. In an extreme case, every production is represented by a single individual to complete, such as a person who makes a car. So, this person will and many of the intermediate product suppliers and, with their own products to be traded. In this case, all transactions on the market in many of the individuals. . Thus, the same transaction, either through the market form of organization to carry out, can also be carried out in the organizational form. Enterprise exists, or that the reason why businesses and markets coexist, because some transactions in-house costs less, while some transactions in the market for less cost. .

The advantage of the market in the allocation of resources.

Specifically, what advantages does the main market? On the purchase of intermediate products in the market is concerned, because a large number of manufacturers are generally small number of suppliers from potential buyers, thereby enabling these providers to achieve Production economies of scale and reduce costs. Moreover, the intermediate product market competition between suppliers, forcing suppliers to reduce production costs. In addition, when a few large suppliers face demand for intermediate goods were when these suppliers can be avoided as a result of the limited market demand for the possible loss of instability, which in general maintain a stable sales. .

Enterprise configuration resource advantages.

What are the main enterprises in advantage? First of all, firms to purchase intermediate products in the market need to take transaction costs, which includes companies find the right suppliers, contracting and supervision of the costs of contract enforcement and so on. If manufacturers can produce their own part of the internal intermediate products, they can eliminate or reduce some transaction costs, but can also better ensure product quality. Second, if a manufacturer is needed is a special type of specialization She Bei, and the supply manufacturers generally not willing buyer of the product in only one specialized Shang Jin Xing investment and production because such a proprietary investment risk Hua greater.。 Finally, manufacturers employ skilled employees, such as specific product design, cost management and quality control personnel and establish long-term contractual relationship. This approach than from other manufacturers buy the appropriate service more favourable, and thus to eliminate or reduce the transaction costs.

Western economists further pointed out that the transaction costs of market and business between the two organizations is a key factor is not the same incomplete information. As the information is not complete. Contract either party will do its best to gather and own no information available to monitor each other's behavior, and prior restraint and try to punish each other after the event of default behavior and so on. All of these practices will generate transaction costs.。 Therefore, through the Organization of the enterprise, you can make part of the internalization of market transactions, eliminating or reducing part market exchange of high transaction costs.

Despite the company's internal trade fairs as part of the market to eliminate or reduce transaction costs, but at the same time brings unique business transaction costs. The main reason leading enterprises of this defective information is also incomplete. Specifically, first of all, there are various internal contractual relationship, including the company's contractual relationship with the workers, business and contractual relations manager. Enterprises to their workers employed, the product salesman, until the manager to supervise all staff, but also induce them to work for the enterprise. Therefore, companies signed the contracts, as well as aspects of monitoring and incentive to spend the cost.

Back to "business" definition of clear definition of the enterprise only, and strategic management, corporate culture and other issues will be clear. The research enterprise is now more and more blurred, trouble is not clear what is the enterprise. Development of the situation changes, traditional business have disappeared, either from the form or essence, the urgent need to break through the traditional definition of the concept of the business mindset. .

First of all, the enterprise is a contract-based organizations.

Second, the company is a market organization. As companies increasingly market-oriented, in the past, enterprise organizations as a contractual responsibility by a superior; Now, the company is the market organization, the people responsible on the market, the market determines the degree of high and low level of profitability. .

Third, the enterprise is a learning organization. In the past that the enterprise is in a manufactured product, it seems now that the enterprise is to create ideas. There are two enterprise value chains, one is the ideology of the value chain, from the information and knowledge to the capacity, to thought. Second, the physical form of the value chain.

Fourth, the firm is a tutor of the organization. The corporate culture as a kind of capital, also referred to as a corporate mode of operation. Corporate emphasis on cultural, more and more into a religious organization must be unified in the core concept of values. .

Fifth, the enterprise is a virtual organization. Now we all talk about virtual production, a virtual marketing, virtual, virtual distribution transport, all virtualization, more empty Enterprise correspondingly.

Sixth, the company is a borderless organization, in the past that the company is the border, then developed, enterprises have become borderless, and then later, both corporate boundaries nor borders, boundaries blur, all fuzzy. It now appears that an enterprise border, according to the marginal cost multiplied by the marginal revenue of view, many companies smaller than the marginal revenue marginal cost or marginal cost is zero. Marginal revenue the same, then the marginal cost, marginal law of increasing returns to play a leading role, that the border can be infinite, meaning that the operation of the business is great. .

Seventh, the enterprise is a systematic organization. Now the enterprise is divided into two lines: one line is products and services, the second line is the enterprise with sustainable competitive safeguards system. Generally speaking, the success of large enterprises abroad are systematic operation, systemic.

Eighth, the enterprise is the network organization. Organization for an enterprise value chain is not enough, he does not form a loop. A network of organizations, enterprises have become the main chain, the main enterprises are enterprises and network operations on the value chain integration, so that enterprises can become a union. For Chinese enterprises, the integration of the network, the value of the network into a larger, more value network. .

Ninth, the enterprise is a global organization. In the past under the barrel theory decided in the shortest possible that how to improve profits, the shortest of the complement, the enterprise is always operating disadvantages. Now a new barrel theory, i.e. short steak is not done, do the best at it, every business operation advantages, like everyone do what they are most interested in. The cost is very low, the efficiency is very high. By barrel theory development to a new barrel theory, each enterprise under global positioning, you did a segment, I do a global integration, integrated into the globalization process. Ultimate enterprise is the global organization.

10th, is the system of corporate organization. Eventually cause the enterprise to play a system that is so ordinary people do extraordinary things. Specific to a very ordinary man, but a very powerful system. By creating this system, so management to achieve the highest level, that is not management; to achieve the highest level of strategy, that is not strategic. The same as highway. .

11th, the most important is integrity.

Enterprise meaning:. .

The enterprise is for profit while engaged in production and business activities to the community to provide goods or services of economic organization. Enterprise is the most important market players.

Enterprise Operations Management System-OMS. .

OMS is an abbreviation for Operations Management System, translated into Chinese is a business management system.

OMS is built in management, organizational learning Xing Wei, marketing, communication, statistics, computer application technology Duozhong edge (cross) Xue Ke theory Shangdi Zuixinqiye operations and brand management Caozuofangfa and Gong Ju; well as by far Zui system of business operations and brand management theory. .

OMS cover the corporate culture, corporate image and public relations aspects of the content. A comprehensive solution to the "what is enterprise, what is a healthy company," the most realistic problems for enterprises to overcome the crisis, continuous and healthy development to build a strong operating mechanism and management system; it has become essential for most enterprises in the period of management systems. As many companies importing OMS, a new management of change has already begun.

OMS authority of the researchers: Zhu Pan senior fellow of economic trends in business operations and brand management experts OMS is Mr. Zhu Pan and others in the support of many experts at home and abroad, many years of joint research results. .

Enterprise:.

1. . Enterprises as the national economy cells, the main economic activities of market participants. .

2. enterprise is the production and circulation of the principal directly.

3. . Business is to promote the socio-economic main force of technological progress. .

In short, the entire social and economic development in progress has an irreplaceable role, in a certain sense, the quality of the enterprise, the enterprise is to meet the market demands of economic development, has a direct bearing on the situation of the national economy and social stability.

Provisional Regulations on small business standard one, according to "The People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law," the enactment of this provision. .

Second, the SME criteria according to the number of employees in total assets, sales, and other indicators, combined with the industry to develop.

Third, this provision applies to industrial, construction, transportation and postal industry, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and catering. Among them, the industry, including mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water production and supply industry. Other than the standard industry standard be developed for SMEs. .

4. standard: medium-sized enterprises.

Industry, SMEs must meet the following conditions: number of employees 2,000 people below, or sales of 300 million yuan less, or total assets of 400 million yuan less. Among them, medium-sized enterprises to meet the number of workers and over 300 sales over 30 million yuan and total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the other for small businesses. .

Construction industry, small and medium-sized enterprises must meet the following criteria: number of employees, or 3000 sales 30000 million or total assets of $ 40000. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises shall at the same time meet the staff and more than 600 people, sales of 30 million Yuan and above, with total assets of RMB and above; the remaining for small businesses.

Wholesale and retail trade, retail trade SMEs must meet the following criteria: number of employees 500 or below, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, medium-sized enterprises to meet the number of workers and over 100 sales and over 10 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. Wholesale SMEs must meet the following conditions: number of employees less than 200 persons, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, medium-sized enterprises to meet the number of workers and over 100 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. .

Transport and postal services, transport of small and medium-sized enterprises must meet the following criteria: number of employees, or 3000 sales 30000 million. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises shall at the same time meet the staff more than 500 people and sales of 30 million Yuan and above; the remaining for small businesses. Small and medium-sized enterprises in the postal sector must meet the following criteria: number of employees, or 1000 people following 30000 million in sales. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises shall at the same time meet the staff and more than 400 people, sales of 30 million Yuan and above; the remaining for small businesses.

Accommodation and catering industry, small and medium enterprises must meet the following criteria: number of employees 800 or below, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, medium-sized enterprises to meet the number of workers and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. .

5. these provisions, the number of staff to the current statistical system of the year-end numbers; the sales of industrial enterprises to existing statistical system, product sales revenue; sales of construction to existing statistical system project settlement revenue year; wholesale and retail trade in the current statistical system of annual sales; transport and postal services, accommodation and catering enterprise sales to existing statistical system, the operating income; total assets to current statistical system of total assets in place.

6, this provision applies to a legally established in the PRC, the various types of ownership and organizational forms of enterprises. .

7. confirmation of the type of business to national statistical offices of official statistical data are no longer in use enterprise application, how the Government audit.

8, the date of promulgation of this standard come into force, former State Economic and Trade Commission announced in 1988 the five ministries and the "large and small industrial enterprises into standard" and in 1992 published the standard supplementary standard shall be repealed simultaneously. .

State economic and Trade Commission.

State Development Planning Commission. .

The Ministry of finance.

National Bureau of Statistics. .

2003 February 19.

China's current and important business-related laws and regulations of the PRC Company Law. .

The Supreme People's Court on the application of the people's Republic of China company law provisions on several issues (1).

Supreme People's Court on the application of "The People's Republic of China Company Law" Provisions on Several Issues (2). .

Lawyers acting as corporate counsel for a number of provisions.

State-owned enterprise legal management. .

State administration for industry and commerce on non-company payment percentage answer investing.

Corporate legal representative of the registration regulations. .

PRC registration regulations.

The People's Republic of China Sole Proprietorship Enterprise Law. .

People's Republic of China in the case of a partnership approach (2006 revision).

The People's Republic of China foreign law. .

People's Republic of China implementing rules of the law on foreign-funded enterprises.

The People's Republic of China Sino-foreign Joint Ventures. .

People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures.

The People's Republic of China Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Law Implementing Regulations. .

Baidu encyclopedia entries content is for informational purposes only, if you need to solve specific problems.


(Especially in law, medicine and other fields), we recommend that you consult professionals in related fields. .

This entry on my helpful 311 extended reading: 1. far Cheng consulting online: http://www. .china-ych. .com/2. http://www. .list-company. .com 3. Guangzhou corporate website/Web design: http://www. .gzenet. .net 4. junhe, led by enterprise management consulting official website: http://www. .jun-wise. .com 5. http://www. .southcn. . . Htm 6. . Http://www. . Cjzlk. . Com 7. . Http://www. . Zhilitax. . Com / 8. . "Modern Enterprise Management" textbook. .

The company refers to General, engaged in commercial operations or for certain purposes of the organization. As Shenzhen Qi Grand financial co., Ltd. is based on the existing company law (2005), the main form of limited liability companies and joint stock co., Ltd. Two categories of companies are legal entities (article 36 of the civil law general clauses), investors may be subject to the limited liability protection.

Companies generally refers to the statutory registration body registered in a class of for-profit corporation. . According to Professor Fang Liufang the research, the company was known as the "public class Ya" is the British East India Company's exclusive title. . In the 100 years of history, the Chinese "company" meaning in the constant misunderstanding and re-interpretation of the meaning of today's increasingly clear. .

The company explained in English.

Company:. .

A company is a business organization that makes money by selling goods or services。.

In its broadest sense, a company is an aggregation of people who stay together for a common purpose. .

corporation: 。.

A corporation is a large business or company. .

The company's legal definition of the company is an enterprise organization. Strictly speaking, refers to the company in accordance with the legal requirements established by the shareholders non?profit corporation. In other words, the company is composed according to certain forms of organization of economic entities, for profit, engaged in commercial business activities of the organization. To enable investors to maximize the benefits for the mission through the provision of products or services in exchange for income. The company is a product of social development, and the development of social division of labor. Companies generally able to civil liability, known as legal persons.

In the company's concept, generally include four elements:. .

1, lawfully established (must be).

Company is engaged in legal business activities, legal status and management need to be eligible to obtain national recognition of the relevant administrative departments to meet the conditions provided for by law, carry out legal procedures, to obtain the relevant state administrative departments and other documents issued by the business license;. .

2, for profit.

The purpose of incorporation shareholders invested through the company's business activities is profit, profit of the company's key elements and thus different from the not-for-profit public corporation, to the administration for the purpose of State organs, non-commercial Shi of the company. To engage in administrative activities for the purpose and content of the major companies should not be called the company, because it is not in the strict sense of the company. .

3, to the shareholders on the basis of the established investment behavior.

Established by the shareholders of the investment behavior, investment behavior shareholders the right to open into the line of equity. Equity is an independent special rights different from other property management rights, but also different from the claims. .

4. independent legal person.

Company must have a separate property business activities as the basis and prerequisite of civil liability. China Company Law Article 3: "limited liability companies and joint stock enterprise legal person." Companies as legal persons, must have Article 37 of Law on the conditions laid down. .

The company's classification company mainly in the form of limited liability company (limited company), personal unlimited liability company, partnership unlimited liability companies (proprietary company) and the publicly listed company limited, the difference in the nonprofit community organizations, utilities, etc..

China's Company Law, the existing companies into limited liability company and limited. Theory from Western companies, the company can do a variety of categories according to different conditions. For example, under the application of a limited liability company into limited liability and unlimited liability company. .

China's "company of the company is classified, according to the formation of the company's characteristics and socio-economic needs. But does not exclude other company in the social and economic life, as a result, we believe that the second view is recoverable.

Co., Ltd. is different from a limited liability company is the most important feature: its total capital divided into equal shares, the shares held by shareholders of the company responsible for the company with all its capital, liable for the debts of the company, such as listed companies . .

The company in addition to these company law as provided for in article 2 of the common classification, classification there are the following: according to the shareholders in the form of responsibility, as the case may be; according to the company's credit standards, as the case may be; according to the different shareholders and stock can transfer division; according to the nationality of the company, as the case may be; according to one company to another company's control and dependence are classified according to the company's internal control; system and the delineation of seven of the more common method of classification.

The characteristics of the company in a market economy, compared with other market players, the company has the following advantages:. .

. And, as the company's own advantages, making it the most typical business corporation in the market economy, occupies an important position of the main. Compared with other market players, the company's advantage is clearly reflected in the:. .

1, shareholders of limited liability companies to invest in the decision of the shareholders of both to meet the needs of the investor's benefit, but also to assume the risk is limited to a reasonable extent, to increase their investment initiative.

2. . Companies, especially publicly issued Ltd. stocks, bonds, fund-raising in the community wide, easy to set up large enterprises. .

3. ownership of the company's thorough and operate the separation principle improve the company's management level.

4. Company-specific organizational structure to the company's capital, the operations tend to maximize the benefits, to better achieve the investors. .

. .

Individually with a company's distinction.

1, the funds required from the point of view: individual businesses and the general to rent a house about a year to 20,000, purchase inventory to about 20,000, about fitting into 50,000 yuan, about 20,000 a year wages. This total of about 110,000 or so. The Company and individual business households registered the only difference seems to come up with 100,000 dollars you can give him a look of the book. .

2. from the tax point of view: individually to pay personal income tax, sales tax. Proceeds to pay Enterprise Co., Ltd. stated that tax. And there's not much difference.

3, the value from the reputation point of view: the buyer of the individual business trust is far less than Limited. .

4. the point of view from a range of markets: individually, only on the local management and limited is reaching out to the national scope of business.

In short, up from the boss's point of analysis, the individual public and business license changed Co., Ltd. is for the good, the new entrants to the friends should not try to direct registration, Ltd. and what the individual business. .

How to register companies are now registered under company law: 2 or more than 2 people co., Ltd., registered capital: 3 million to a minimum (see Chapter 2 of the new companies Act, section 1, article 26); one co., Ltd., registered capital of 10 million minimum (see Chapter 2 of the new companies Act, section 3, paragraph 59); this applies to the vast majority of companies provided basic.

In our experience the whole registration process you will need to prepare the following aspects:. .

1. use attachments, courier delivery or other means to provide you and ID card copy of the investor, the company registered capital amount and the amount of capital investment, prepared at least five company name; in advance.

2. . You need to choose the nearest bank capital injection procedures;. .

3. you need to carry an ID card to the signature verification; Chambers of Commerce and industry.

4. . After all the documents for you to choose the nearest bank in need of basic accounts and tax accounts;. .

5. all other relevant departments to complete the formalities by.

Registration process as follows:. .

Chaming (company name) → verification (complete the company registered capital verification procedures) → sign (customer to business verification signature) → apply for a business license → apply for organizations and agencies code card → apply for tax registration → for basic accounts and tax accounts clearance tax registration → check → stamp tax approved for handling taxpayer finds business → → → for taxpayers who finds the subscription procedures for invoices.

Specific processes to explain:. .

Business process:.

First, check name (required one week time). .

The required information provided by you:.

1. . The identity card of all investors (investors that the company needs business license). .

2. the amount of registered capital and the investor's investment.

3. . Company Name (preferably with more than 5), the Company about its business scope. .

The information is received by the chaming related departments, the formalities required by the chaming related departments to complete after the adoption of the chaming will notify you in advance and approved by a single document issued by the chaming, a chapter (chapter financial company seal chop shareholders) and banks inquire a..

Second, verification (the Office of the End). .

With your approval slip issued by chaming, banks inquire, a chapter to your nearest Bank registered capital amount standing to the formalities to receive from the Bank after investors demand notes and inquire about billing, Bank by Bank direct express accounting firm, followed by the accounting firm conducted the examination report.

Verification of capital verification report issued after the passage of 2. .

Verification must be done by yourself, entrust other agencies will undertake the relevant responsibilities, see Chapter 12 of the new Corporation law liability.

3, signature (ie, do the end). .

You bring the ID card to the Chamber of Commerce and industry, business and the signature verified by.

I need to attend the signing, the officer confirmed by the Business after the signature is correct, I entered into force after signature by the business license to start the process. .

4. for business license (2 weeks).

Materials needed for your reference, all information provided by the relevant department:. .

1. Chairman of the company to set up the application for registration;.

2. . The company applied for registration of power of attorney;. .

3. the shareholders ' meeting resolution.

4. . Board of Directors resolution;. .

5. resolutions of the Board of supervisors;.

6. . Constitution;. .

7. the shareholder or the initiator of a legal person or natural person identity;.

8. . Directors, supervisors, managers, chairman of the board of directors or proof of employment;. .

9. directors, supervisors, managers, copy of your ID card.

10. . Verification report;. .

11. home use (rental agreement, property right certificate).

12. . The company's business scope, are laws and regulations must be submitted for approval of the project, required to submit approval documents. .

Information after all formalities by the relevant departments to complete the license and approval are copies and electronic license, then the process is complete and commerce.

The following Bureau of Quality Supervision process. .

For organizations and agencies code card (one week).

This step procedures and information required by the relevant departments and complete, to the quality supervision bureau in the organization code certificate, issued by the code card is a copy and code card Bureau of Quality Supervision process ends. .

The following is the taxation process.

Handle tax registration certificate (may take 2 weeks). .

First, the provision of information: the required information only for your reference, all data provided by the relevant departments.

1. . "Business license" original and duplicated;. .

2. the Organization of the unified code of original and copy of;.

3. . "Verification report," the original and duplicated;. .

4. the articles of association or an agreement or a feasibility study report, or the original copy of the contract, a..

5. . The legal representative, financial and taxation personnel responsible for the "identity card" original and duplicated;. .

6. operation of the House property right or right to use or lease of proof (add stamp duty) for original and copy.

Second, fill out a form submitted to the Council: the steps required for your reference, all procedures related to department operations. .

The completed tax registration forms and other schedule, tax, after the signature, together with the required material submitted to the city's Inland Revenue Department (by Department), and after approval heshen print tax registration and receive a tax registration certificate, to this end the Department processes.

So far all the documents for the end, you pay a processing fee to receive all relevant documents, and then go to your nearest bank in the basic accounts and tax accounts (related departments handle the business details and steps). .

Follow-up procedures procedure: (subsequent processes a total of 6 items, are performed by the Inland Revenue, all formalities required by the relevant departments to provide material and finish).

1. . Taxes registration: According to your company, determine the nature of the company (trade-based tax rate of 4%, 6% of production, service 5%, etc.), to provide relevant material to complete the relevant form was the tax commissioner;. .

2. For income tax approved: usually, for approved collection of information after a completed form after tax Commissioner;.

3. . Handled stamp business: according to the size of your company, complete the form to provide relevant information related to purchase tax stamps;. .

4. For taxpayer identification: according to your company's registration, provide the relevant information is 5799; Revenue Commissioners.

5. . Go through the tax agent identified: to provide relevant information were completed form to the Revenue Commissioners, apply for your tax agent company personnel documents;. .

6. The subscription procedures for invoice: depending on your company's required invoice types, provide relevant information, fill in the form after Revenue Commissioners for invoices.

China's existing laws on the company's important PRC Company Law. .

The Supreme People's Court on the application of the people's Republic of China company law provisions on several issues (1).

Supreme People's Court on the application of "The People's Republic of China Company Law" Provisions on Several Issues (2). .

Lawyers acting as corporate counsel for a number of provisions.

State-owned enterprise legal management. .

People's Republic of China foreign-funded enterprises.

The People's Republic of China Foreign Enterprise Law Implementing Rules. .

People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures.

The People's Republic of China Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Law. .

People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures regulations.

Company history the term "public persons, several fortune, Division who run the meaning." From "Great Harmony" and "pass the word out." Most people mean that the company is co-operating, learning to live together, work place. .

What is freelance.

"Freelancers" word, much less than the corresponding English (is this edition of the English name) to the apt. "Self-employed", employing their own, people translated as "self-employed persons." .

According to Webster's dictionary, freelancers: independent work, is not affiliated with any organization; not to do any employers engaged in a long-term commitment to the profession.

More precise definition: a mental (writer, editor, accounting, etc.) or service providers, not affiliated with any organization who does not make long-term commitment to any employer engaged in an occupation of the people, in their own guidance under their own job done, often but not all work at home. .

Alias: consultants, temporary workers, contractors, free agent, solo, solo, to start a family, freedom, go it alone, rely on the phone for work, telecommunications (means mastering electronics, especially popular in Europe), virtual employee, virtual business owners (currently very popular).

Freelance category in China, professionals, including three classes:. .

First class is a small businessman, as individual retailers and a snack bar, retailers, the decoration company boss.

The second type is not basic salary of the salesman, such as life insurance consultants, real estate brokers, advertising agencies, direct sales people. .

The third category is professionals such as photographers, patent attorneys, lawyers, accountants, dentists, technical consultant, management consultants, plumbers, electricians, Barber, artists, etc..

For the third category of freelancers, money is not the most important thing. Their independence, in accordance with the freedom to do things their own way and in their field is known as the experts, much more important than mere money. .

Most of the freelancers are like yourself who are reluctant to hire help, because they do not believe others will do the same with them. Most of the freelancers don't like a partnership with others, because they do not believe others will do things that way.

Freelance sad that his career more successful, which means his job to spend more time with their family less and less time. Freelancers can be broadly divided into three categories: SOHO family, MORE racial and ethnic MO. 1. . SOHO Family:. .

SOHO family refers to a class at home and new talent. SOHO (small office/home office) with the computer age, material progress and spiritual improvement. Computer, on the one hand, speeding up the tempo and pace of life in society, social value creation must keep pace with the speed of the computer, so everything is quickened, time seems inadequate. On the other hand, the computer after all the work a lot of work can save you time, contributed to the birth of leisure culture ", the working rhythm and pace of life can be free time gentle down under. . .

SOHO family originated in the United States in the late 1980s to the late 1980s has swept the world in all developed countries and regions. Since the early 1990s in China, then in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and other big cities. The world's only Germany has 360 million people work in SOHO. Germany IBM 25% of employees working at home for the company. In the United States now have 30 million people have a Home Office. SOHO family marks the emergence of a group of freelancers. 2. family:.. .MORE

Born in the late 20th century, 90 Silicon Valley area MORE (mobile office residential edifice) community, which is an interactive commercial and residential areas, Europe and America in 2000 evolved from a new community SOHO concept SOHO family is based on humane extension, therefore, also called "post-SOHO era", but also embodies the human spirit, human rights first, people-oriented. We have experienced three generations of family stop here. First-generation family is the traditional home, it is completely out of work, is to provide for the family to rely on the bay gives a warmth and sense of security.。 The third generation of family and work out and the associated MORE communities. Heads of households and families, not only in the workplace, and each with a fully own the sky, more humane, more warmth, were more concerned about people's needs, and social integration. This update of 1 + 1 residence mode will in the near future replacement of SOHO. 3. .MO family:.

MO family is the mobile-office (mobile office) in abbreviation, is a new modern white-collar work. Their equipment, luxury, no fixed abode, cosmopolitan, anytime, anywhere can use their laptop computers, mobile phones and other tools to work. Most of the time they are in the plane, train, road. They are really floating family, working together flexible, elusive, revenues and their full enjoyment of all the convenience of modern technology to bring fashion life.。 They occupy more than SOHO family, have more advantages in the era of broad development prospects.

Occupation. .

Freelance refers to the institutional investor does not exist or if the legal validity of the partnership and has a legal income of the individual, is a contemporary urban people, mostly from the artistic staff, such as a freelance writer, art, music, computer, planners elite, etc. Of course, with the development of the society, institutional liberalization, technological progress,.

Freelancers are also expanding to other areas. Scholars have pointed out, doctors, lawyers, etc. will become the largest groups of freelancers. .

And self-employment relative in addition to the traditional employment career, agency employment. 20th century 90 's, agency employment relative to the system in a very tempting words, the birth of many of the agency contract actress, author, columnist for the facilitator. The famous writer Wang Shuo Hao feng, music man, Tan Dun, and so were the media capture hot spots. Freelancers enjoy free life, but because of the level and reputation is not yet reached the height of the "agency", sometimes the straitened to livelihoods. But in any event, this way of life, has always been the overwhelming majority of dissatisfaction with the status quo in the life of the new fenshi reemerging human dreams. . .

Some people think that all the lack of formal units can be called professional package scraping unemployed people, unemployed, etc. This view is wrong. The so-called liberal professions, that is, it is first necessary to have a job, then there is freedom. A person does not have a career, jobs, cannot be called freelancers. Americans Robert and Sharon in the rich Dad's road to financial freedom in the world, all of them are grouped into four categories is divided into four quadrants: E, S, employees; freelance; B, one; I, investors. . It can be seen as a freelance, must have at least an ability to support themselves, such as writing, photography, animation. For those who have nothing, Yiwusuochang of unemployed people, unemployed people can not be called freelancers. Become a freelance is not an easy thing, to be professionals, must have some knowledge and skills, social viability, but also have a strong will. Lack of survival skills, lack of appropriate social relations, will not be eligible to be a freelancer, a freelance peace Yongzhe not is incompetent. .

Freelance freedom "and not".

In the city, "freelance" has become an option for young people. In a sense, "SOHO family" represents a free, open and flexible way of working. The past two years, with the Internet, widely used in various fields and computer, fax machine, printer and other office equipment in the home of the popular team of freelancers to expand year by year. .

Best-seller writer liyue is typical of the "SOHO (Small officeHomeoffice abbreviation) of a family", even though they can control their own time, but in the press and his agency manuscript, "busy" are busy people, and since the account is not in Beijing, children also forthcoming wriggling, liyue admits himself often feel very tired, the unprecedented pressure.

So, what is the freelance as a group, why more and more people joined the ranks of their life like? Prospects like? ChinaHR freelance for a few days ago for an extensive investigation, the The survey respondents came from the country, from the IT, finance, manufacturing and other industries in 20 enterprises and more than 2,200 staff members pose. The survey to a broader perspective, from the perspective of career planning professional on the current understanding of freelance work and pay satisfaction, and future planning. Wider distribution of freelance. .

A few years ago, people said "SOHO family" also tend to refer to those specialized freelancers such as Freelancer, graphic designers, art designers, artists, etc. The survey results show that freelance professional distribution is very extensive, its content and form are also changing. Among them, computer networking, writing, translation, secretarial tutor and other practitioners more, marketing, advertising planning, management consulting, capital operation, financing agency xinxing modern market is booming industry.

In the area of distribution, from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other economically developed cities, a higher proportion of freelancers, account for the total number surveyed, 34%, also in Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Tianjin municipalities, and provincial capital cities in the SAR accounted for a higher proportion. .

Professional how to attract people of all ages: starting with the choice of the liberal professions?, 58. .97% of people said that in order to pursue their own interests, in order to obtain a free space for development. Many respondents said that doing a freelance, nobody is going to tell you what to do, can manage your time, work-life balance.

ChinaHR Zhangting Wen human resources experts believe that on the one hand, in some economically developed cities, many enterprises to improve efficiency and take the form of outsourcing products and services; on the one hand, digital communications, computer, and Internet penetration to make the world more and more flat technology, professionals emerged. Currently, the United States the number of freelancers have been a significant increase, about 20 million to 30 million. Enterprises to reduce costs, increase operational flexibility, it will only alienate more business outsourcing, so the number of free workers will continue to rise. 41% freelance monthly salary of 3,000 yuan. .

In many people's eyes, the real life of freelancers is strong, it is precisely their ideals of courage, the courage to try before they chose a very own way of life. If we say that freelancers well-being half free free State, the other half is the pleasant high income. According to the survey, salary more than $ 3000 in freelance representing 41%, of which more than 8000 accounted for 9%. For the liberal professions survey also shows that half of the respondents expressed great satisfaction on the income or to compare notes with satisfaction, and another 19. .87 per cent indicated that only long enough to sustain life.

At the same time, non-freelance career is also yearning for freedom, 75% of respondents in the monthly income of 3,000 yuan or more targeted, more respondents expect 31% of the monthly income of over 10,000. .

To this end, Zhang Ting Wen, freelancers are mostly young people, their strong sense of independence, focus on the economy, with a high degree of income and have more complex mental skills, good organizational skills and a strong sense of professionalism. Their high expectations and reflects on their own strength, confidence and wish to be recognized by society. Their income is higher satisfaction and expectations, the ascendant of the liberal professions, will have more talent to join a family of the "SOHO". Stress, freelancers "not free".

Some say that the more successful freelance work, the more failures, as no longer work can not be separated, one day not working have no income. For the working state, as many as 63% of respondents believe that freelance "when Mangsi busy, busy time of leisure death." It is also in this uncertain work environment, professionals generally feel stress larger than the general practitioners. When asked "freelancers really free", the 33% of the respondents believed that the spirit of a lot of pressure, 20% of the respondents considered material under pressure, only You Sancheng of respondents believe that "more freedom." .

With the concept of hunting people, freelance gradually from conservative concept of "decent work" into a coveted "unfettered". However, the loneliness and happy freelancers, in fact, is not so, their spirit of deep pressure comes from. "Pain happy", perhaps their most accurate portrayal.

Survey, unstable sources of income for freelancers ever-present sense of insecurity. If asked, "freelance thing that you are concerned about the problem", about 52. .56% Of the respondents said the most worrying fixed income, and 21. .79% Of the people most concerned about job prospects for the future. "Eat today do not know where tomorrow" for the survival of heart problems such as freelance existence of a shadow always, tormented them. .

To this end, Zhang Ting wen said, because of work, income, consumption of uncertainty, which makes freelancers have to plan ahead for your future, in addition to access to social and organizational guarantees and benefits, career planning, financial planning is that people choose to be freelancers must be seriously considered, to medical, accident and pension insurance invest the necessary funds and savings and personal finance.

Freelancers should first understand their own. .

Many people look forward to doing a others behavior of freelancers, but not everyone can become a good freelance, famous human resources management and youth careers guidance experts Wang was interviewed by a reporter said, "know yourself" should be each want to become a freelance people first problem to be solved.

Wang big is that, to become professionals, first of all to our own personality, quality, habit, psychological, interpersonal skills knowledge and skills to do a combination of factors such as clear and comprehensive understanding and judgments, to have expertise in one. And then choose based on past experience interesting and best at work as their first choice of work can also be combined in accordance with market needs and the characteristics of their own to re-create a new world. In short, in order to know ourselves, not narcissistic, and behind closed doors. Do not take "free" smashed his own brand. .

Freelancers can follow their own interests and expertise to select the work content and the way you work, as well as partners and clients, which to a large extent on the development of individual potential and maximize human capital has become a reality. But any freedom is relative, Wang Tai is pointed out that the real freedom of access to the workplace, must be conscious that self-discipline, but also to keep their promises, self-reliance and reputation of excellent people. Real freedom does not give the selfishness, pride and ego. . .

On a workplace free person you own brands, each of you is your personal brand quality performance. A company employee's personal behavior may not be able to destroy a company's brand, but workplace freedom's own personal behavior can destroy your personal brand. Because of the employee's personal conduct does not fully represent the company, and your personal behavior is equal to "the company" behavior. In the eyes of others, you are the company. It should be remembered: freedom is to self-discipline, consciously premised, indulge their so-called "freedom" is tantamount to suicide. Reduce the risk of starting from improving competitiveness.

Wang big is that freelancers must own brand, market awareness, service quality, knowledge, updates, and their future livelihood issue fully responsible for the package. Compared with full-time workers, their personal risk is obvious. Suo Yi succeed in their career, created to minimize risk, first is to grasp the "market needs, I'm good at, those who can afford more than" the principle of position to make themselves or their products in a market, competition and uniqueness; by copying other people are bought and sold is not competitive.。 In the accelerated speed of updating knowledge, learning ability has evolved into a new viability; the third is to enhance our own legal awareness and risk consciousness, in collaboration with others to have rights, attention by laws and rules to protect themselves against the "guest" and the big bully shop was the villain in the end; it should also be as soon as possible for their own health, accident and pension insurance invest the necessary funds, so as to also prevent continuous rain.

Worry-free future senior career counselor also made for a person to protect the contents from several levels, first and foremost in all aspects of community protection, such as all kinds of insurance, in addition to the host organization (work unit) to provide to you protection and welfare, and the third level is dependent on personal inner sense of belonging. As professionals, the latter two are almost none. Doing freelance in the choice of the first, in fact, had meant giving up some protection. Most freelancers should buy insurance or pay attention to savings to meet unexpected needs. At the same time, your resume should also be introduced into the human resources Web site and set to "open" level, do not give up better job opportunities.。.

Freedom is a freelance mentality, this is the work of practical work and careful thought and serious work is conflicting, as is also a freelance business, so freelancers also need a strict professional practices and reasonable Career Planning. If you do not do career planning, not only their own business very much, even when one day return to the workplace, also can not fare better than a competitive qualifications. .

The famous psychologist Han sanqi says, in fact, compared to ordinary workers, freelancers should understand the career planning. Clear your own career planning is a freelance dealing with uncertainties in the most important means. Freelancers also has a relatively stable career direction, such as a freelance writer, free free CPA teachers, and so on, so you want to pay attention to the entire career news, grasp your career direction.

In planning your career, avoid ambitious, had their own future is more uncertain than the office workers, so planning must integrate their age, personality characteristics, a network of resources, family situation, social security factors, interventions and other events, in particular the need to refine the recent career planning, long-term planning can be of some imaginary, leaving room for flexibility. It was the long-term planning to develop a very "real", only to fall into their trap, because the distance from their own far more variables, just be flexible and adjust the virtual number. This is the key to career planning, the reason to lose a lot of planning guidance, that is, no combination of the virtual. .

Long-term self-centered life habits, can easily be mainstream life of marginalization.

Freelancers to guard against "freedom disease." .

Senior consultant, professional portfolio, "said" for freelance switch is a very common thing, or that this is not a true sense of the switch. As a result of itself has a professional quality, so there is a demand for a variety of "customer" to provide products and services. In a sense, freelancers more cases, fire your boss or clients. Freelancers are gradually from conservative concept of "decent work" into a coveted "unfettered". However, there have been a number of new problems, mostly psychological problems, such as those suffering from free syndrome, the so-called "free".

To be a freelancer, in addition to himself, no one else will come to find fault with your work. One day a few hours of work to create a little performance depends entirely on the self-control. But we all know that freedom is to pay a terrible price, and must face uncertainties brought about by psychological pressure. Pressure which is undoubtedly the influence of the largest and the most realistic and inevitable. Example, 10 000 seriously ill how to do? Older how to do? This is a very real pressure. The real pressure will tend to be more selfless freelance work, even taking advantage of young and crazy to work in order to accumulate capital for their own lay the foundation for later life.。 Freelancers in select when natural confidence that their talent, fortune, but free lost stability, have to rely on feeling.

Hansan Qi pointed out that as a long-term self-centered habits, it is easy to marginalize the mainstream of life, appropriate constraints that they can mobilize the enthusiasm of people, after all, is too loose but do not understand the public life of self-management, and public life is the life of each person the most solid foundation. For freelancers manage their own, their ability to arrange their own is very important. From this perspective, a more than ordinary office workers need to understand science, healthy lifestyles.。.